Jihad and Military Expeditions

Book of Jihad and Military Expeditions

The Sahih Collection of al-Bukhari

by Imam Bukhari
Translated by: Ustadha Aisha Bewley

Chapter 61. Book of Jihad and Military Expeditions

I: The excellence of jihad and military expeditions

The words of Allah Almighty, "Allah has bought from the believers their selves and their wealth in return for them having the Garden. They fight in the way of Allah, and they kill and are killed. It is a promise binding on Him in the Torah, the Injil and the Qur'an and who is truer to his contract than Allah? Rejoice then in the bargain you have made. That is the great victory. Those who turn in repentance, those who worship, those who praise, those who fast, those who bow, those who prostrate, those who command the right, those who forbid the wrong, those who preserve the limits of Allah: give good news to the believers." (9:111-112) Ibn 'Abbas said that the "limits" (hudud) is obedience.

2630. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said, "I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, 'Messenger of Allah, which action is best?' He replied, 'The prayer at its proper time.' I asked, 'Then what?' He answered, 'Then devotion to parents.' I asked, 'Then what?' He said, Jihad in the way of Allah.' Then I was silent and stopped asking the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, but if I had asked for more, he would have told me more."

2631. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is no hijra after the Conquest of Makka, but there is jihad and intention. When you are called upon to fight, then go forth."

2632. It is related that 'A'isha said, "Messenger of Allah, we see that jihad is the best action so should we not do jihad?" He replied, "Rather the best jihad is an accepted hajj."

2633. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "A man came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Direct me to an action which is equal tojihad.' He said, 'I do not find any.' He added, 'When the one doing jihad sets out, can you then enter your mosque and pray without stopping and fast without breaking the fast?' He asked, 'Who can do that?'" Abu Hurayra said, "Good deeds are written for the one going on jihad for the steps his horse takes while grazing tied by its rope."

II: The best of people is the believer who does jihad with his person and his property in the Way of Allah

The words of Allah Almighty, "O you who believe! Shall I direct you to a transaction which will save you from a painful punishment? That you believe in Allah and His Messenger and do jihad in the Way of Allah with your wealth and yourselves. That is better for you if you only knew. He will forgive you your wrong actions and admit you into Gardens with rivers flowing under them, and fine dwellings in the Gardens of Eden. That is the Great Victory." (61:10-12)

2634. It is related that Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said, "It was asked, 'Messenger of Allah, who is the best of people?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, replied, 'A believer who does jihad in the way of Allah with his person and his wealth.' They asked, 'Then who?' He answered, 'A believer in one of the mountain ravines who is fearful of Allah and spares people of his evil.'"

2635. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "The likeness of someone who does jihad in the Way of Allah - and Allah knows best the one who does jihad in His Way - is like someone who fasts and prays constantly, and Allah guarantees for the one who does jihad in His way that if He dies, He will admit him into the Garden, or else he will either return whole with reward or booty." (Muwatta, Book 21, 1)

III: Supplication for jihad and martyrdom for both men and women

Ibn 'Umar said, "O Allah, provide me with martyrdom in the land of Your Messenger!"

2636. It is related that Anas ibn Malik was heard to say, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to visit Umm Haram bint Milhan and she would feed him. Umm Haram was married to 'Ubada ibn as-Samit. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited her and she fed him and began to delouse his head. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to sleep and then woke up smiling. She said, 'I said, "What made you smile, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Some people from my community who were shown me raiding in the way of Allah, riding the middle of this sea like kings on throne" (or like the kings on the thrones - Ishaq was unsure)."' She said, 'I said, "Messenger of Allah, ask Allah to put me among them!"' So the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made supplication for her. 'Then he put his head down and then woke up smiling. I said, "What made you smile, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Some people from my community who were shown me raiding in the way of Allah," as he said the first time.' She said, 'I said, "Messenger of Allah, ask Allah to put me among them!" He said, "You are among the first.'" She embarked on the sea in the time of Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan and was thrown from her animal when she left the sea and was killed." (Muwatta, Book 21, 39)

IV: The degrees of those doing jihad in the way of Allah. (One says "this is my way" in either the feminine or masculine.)

Abu 'Abdullah said that the singular of ghuza (3:156) is ghâzî. "They are degrees"(3:163) is "they have degrees."

2637. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If someone believes in Allah and His Messenger and establishes the prayer and fasts Ramadan, it is mandatory for Allah to admit him to the Garden, whether he does jihad in the Way of Allah or sits in the land where he was born." They asked, "Messenger of Allah, shall we give the people the good news?" He said, "In the Garden there are a hundred degrees which Allah has prepared for those who do jihad in the way of Allah. Between each two degrees is the space between heaven and earth. When you ask Allah, ask Him for Firdaws which is in the middle of the Garden and the top of the Garden." I think that he said, "above the Throne of the All-Merciful and from it spring the rivers of the Garden."

Muhammad ibn Fulayj said from his father, "Above it is the Throne of the All-Merciful."

2638. It is related from Samura that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I dreamt in the night that two men came to me and climbed the tree and admitted me into the most beautiful and excellent house and I have never seen any more beautiful than it. They said, 'This house is the house of the martyrs.'"

V: Morning and evening in the way of Allah. A bow 's length of one of you in the Garden

2639. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A morning spent in the way of Allah or an evening is better than this world and everything it contains."

2640. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said, "A bow's length of the Garden is better than everything on which the sun rises and sets," and he said, "A morning or evening in the way of Allah is better than that on which the sun rises and sets."

2641. It is related from Sahl ibn Sa'd that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A morning or an evening spent in the way of Allah is better than this world and everything it contains."

VI: The wide-eyed houris and their description. The eye is bewildered by them and the contrast of intense blackness and whiteness in their eyes

"We married them" (44:54) means "We gave them in marriage".

2642. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is no one who has died and found good with Allah who would be happy to return to this world, even if he were to have this world and what is in it , except for the martyr. When he sees the virtue of martyrdom, he would be happy to return to his world and be killed again."

2643. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "An evening spent in the way of Allah or an morning is better than this world and everything it contains. The amount of a bow's length of one of you in the Garden - or the place of his lash, i.e. his whip - is better than this world and what is contains. If a woman of the people of the Garden were to appear to the people of the earth, she would illuminate what is between the heaven and the earth and will it with fragrance. The scarf on her head is better than this world and what is contains."

VII: Wishing for martyrdom

2644. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'By the One in whose hand my soul is, if it were not that there are men among the believers who would not be happy to stay behind me and I have not got the wherewithal to provide them with mounts, I would never stay behind from any expedition in the Way of Allah. By the One in whose hand my soul is, I would love to be killed in the way of Allah and then be brought to life, and then be killed and then be brought to life, and then be killed and then brought to life, and then be killed again."

2645. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave a speech and said, "Zayd took the standard and was struck down. Then Ja'far took it and was struck down. Then 'Abdullah ibn Rawaha took it and was struck down. Then Khalid ibn al-Walid took it without being appointed commander and was given victory.' He further said, 'It would not make us happy to have them with us.'" Ayyub said, "Or he said, 'It would not make them happy to be with us,' and his eyes were weeping."

VIII: The excellence of the one who is thrown while going out in the Way of Allah and dies. He is one of the martyrs

The words of Allah Almighty, "If anyone leaves his home, emigrating to Allah and His Messenger, and death catches up with him, it is Allah who will reward him." (4:110)

2646. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that his aunt, Umm Haram bint Milham said "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to sleep one day when he was near me and then woke up smiling. I said, 'What made you smile?' He said, 'Some people from my community were shown to me raiding in the way of Allah, riding this green sea like kings on thrones.'" She said, "Ask Allah to put me among them!" So he made supplication for her. Then he went to sleep a second time and did the like of it and she said the like of what she had said and he gave her a similar answer. She said, "Ask Allah to put me among them!" He said, "You are among the first.'" She went out with her husband, 'Ubada ibn as-Samit, on an expedition and was the first of the Muslims to embark on the sea with Mu'awiya. When they finished their expedition and were returning, they stopped in Syria. An animal was brought for her to ride and it threw her off and she died.

IX: The one injured in the way of Allah

2647. It is related that Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent some seventy  men from the Banu Sulaym to the Banu 'Amir. When they arrived, my uncle said to them, 'I will go ahead of you. If they grant me security so that I can convey the message of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, (that will be fine.) Otherwise you will be near me.' He went forward and they gave him security. While he was conveying to them the message of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, they made a gesture to one of their men and he attacked him and stabbed him through. He said, 'Allah is greater! By the Lord of the Ka'ba, I have won!' Then they attacked the rest of his companions and killed them except for a lame man who climbed the mountain. (Hammam said, "I think there was another man with him.") Jibril, peace be upon him, informed the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that they had met their Lord and He was pleased with them and they were pleased with Him. We used to recite, 'Convey to our people that we have met our Lord and He is pleased with us and We are pleased' until it was abrogated later. He cursed them for forty mornings - Ri'l, Dhakwan, Banu Lihyan and Banu 'Usayya who disobeyed Allah and His Messenger."

[These were the Ansar who were sent to teach the Qur'an and call the people of Najd to Islam. This took place at Bi'r Ma'una. The cursing took place in the qunut in the Fajrprayer.]

2648. It is related from Jundub ibn Sufyan that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was on a certain expedition and his finger was injured and he said, "Are you anything but a finger that is injured? And what you have met is in the Cause of Allah."

X: The one who goes out in the way of Allah, the Mighty and Exalted

2649. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "By the One who has my soul in His hand, anyone who is wounded in the Way of Allah - and Allah knows best the one who is wounded in His Way - will come on the Day of Rising with his wound bleeding. It will be the colour of blood but have the scent of musk." (Muwatta, Book 21, 29)

XI: The words of Allah Almighty, "What do you await for us except for one of the two best things?" (9:52) War has its ups and downs

2650. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that Abu Sufyan informed him that Heraclius had said to him, "I asked you how your fight against him went, and you claimed that the war had its ups and downs and success alternated. That is how the Messengers are tested, and then they have the final victory."

XII: The words of Allah Almighty, "Among the believers there are men who have been true to the contract they made with Allah. Some of them have fulfilled their pact by death and some are still waiting to do so and have not changed in any way at all."(33:23)

2651. It is related that Anas said, "My uncle, Anas ibn an-Nadr, missed the fighting at Badr and said, 'Messenger of Allah, I missed the first battle in which you fought the idolaters. If Allah gives me the opportunity to fight the idolaters, Allah will see what I shall do!' On the Day of Uhud, the Muslims were routed and he said, 'O Allah, I apologise to You for what these people have done (i.e. his companions) and I declare myself innocent to You of what those people have done, (i.e. the idolaters).' Then he went forward and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh met him. He said, 'O Sa'd ibn Mu'adh! The Garden, by the Lord of the Ka'ba! I smell its fragrance from below Uhud!' Sa'd said, 'Messenger of Allah, I could not do what he did.'" Anas said, "We found him with about eighty wounds, sword thrusts or spear stabs or arrows. We found that he had been killed and the idolaters had mutiliated him. No one could recognise him except for his sister by his fingertips." Anas said, "We used to think or suppose that this ayat was sent down about him and his like, 'Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah.'"

He said, "His sister, who was called ar-Rubayyi', broke a girl's tooth and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commaned retaliation. Anas said, 'Messenger of Allah, by the One who sent you with the truth, her tooth will not be broken!' Then the people were content with compensation and forwent retaliation, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'There are some of the slaves of Allah who, if they swear an oath, Allah will carry it out.'"

2652. It is related that Zayd ibn Thabit said, "I copied out the papers into the pages and I missed one ayat of Surat al-Ahzab which I used to hear the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recite. I only found it with Khuzayma ibn Thabit al-Ansari whose testimony the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had made equal to the testimony of two men. It is His words, Among the believers there are men who have been true to the contract they made with Allah."

XIII: Righteous action before fighting

Abu'd-Darda' said, "You fight according to your actions."

The words of Allah, "O you who believe! Why do you say what you do not do? It is abhorrent to Allah that you should say what you do not do. Allah loves those who fight in His Way in ranks like well-built walls." (61:2-3)

2653. It is related that al-Bara' said, "A man bristling with armour came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah, shall I fight or become Muslim?' He said, 'Become Muslim and then fight.' He became Muslim and then fought and was killed.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'His action was little but his reward is great.'"

[It was 'Amr ibn Thabit al-Ashhali.]

XIV: The one who is struck and killed by an arrow shot by an unknown person

2654. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that Umm ar-Rubayyi' bint al-Bara', the mother of al-Haritha ibn Suraqa, came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, "O Prophet of Allah, Will you not tell me about Haritha?" He had been killed at the Battle of Badr and had been struck by an arrow from an unknown person. "If he is in the Garden, I will be patient. If the case is other than that, I will weep my eyes out for him." He said, "Umm Haritha, there are many gardens within the Garden, and your son has obtained the Highest Paradise."

XV: The one who fights so that the word of Allah will be uppermost

2655. It is related that Abu Musa said, "A man came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'One man fights for booty, and one man fights for renown, and another fights so that his position will be seen. Who is truly in the way of Allah?' He said, 'The one who fights so that the Word of Allah will be the uppermost is fighting in the way of Allah.'"

XVI: The one whose feet become dusty in the way of Allah

The words of Allah Almighty, "It was not for people of Madina, and the desert Arabs around them, to remain behind the Messenger of Allah nor to prefer themselves to him. That is because no thirst or weariness or hunger will afflict them in the Way of Allah, nor will they take a single step to infuriate the rejectors, nor secure any gain from the enemy, without a right action being written down for them because of it. Allah does not let the wage of the good-doers go to waste." (9:120)

2656. It is related that Abu 'Abs, who is 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Jabr that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The Fire will not touch anyone whose feet become dusty in the way of Allah "

XVII: Wiping the dust from people in the road

2657. It is related from 'Ikrima that Ibn 'Abbas said to him and 'Abdullah ibn 'Ali, "'Go to Abu Sa'id and listen to some of his hadith.' We went to him and he and his brother were watering their garden. When he saw us, he sat down, wrapping his legs in his cloak. He said, 'We were carrying one brick of the mosque at a time but 'Ammar carried two at a time. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by him and brushed the dust from his head, saying, "Alas for 'Ammar! An unjust party will kill him while 'Ammar is calling them to the Garden and they are calling him to the Fire."'"

XVIII: Having a bath after war and dust

2658. It is related from 'A'isha that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned on the Day of Ditch and put down his weapons and washed, Jibril came to him with his head covered in dust. He said, 'You have put down your arms. By Allah, I have not put mine down.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked, 'Where then?' He said, 'Here,' and appointed towards the Banu Qurayza." She said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out to them."

XIX: The excellence of the words of Allah Almighty:

"Do not suppose that those killed in the Way of Allah are dead. No indeed! They are alive and well provided for in the very presence of their Lord, delighting in the favour Allah has bestowed on them, rejoicing over those they left behind who have not yet joined them, feeling no fear and knowing no sorrow, rejoicing in blessings and favour from Allah and that Allah does not let the wage of the believers go to waste." (2:169-171)

2659. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, cursed those who killed the people at Bi'r Ma'una for thirty morning - against Ri'l, Dhakwan and 'Usayya who had disobeyed Allah and His Messenger."

Anas said, "Convey to our people that we have met our Lord and He is pleased with us and We are pleased' was sent down about those killed at Bi'r Ma'una and then it was abrogated later."

2660. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "Some people drank wine in the morning of the Battle of Uhud and then were killed as martyrs." Sufyan was asked, "Were they killed at the end of that day?" He said, "It does not say in it."

XX: The angels' shading the martyr

2661. It is related that Jabir was heard to say, "My father was brought to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he had been mutilated. He was placed before him and He was placed before him I went to uncover his face and some people prevented me. He heard the sound of a woman crying out and was told that it was 'Amr's daughter or 'Amr's sister. He said, 'Why is she is weeping? - or "she should not weep" - The angels are still covering him with their wings.'" I [al-Bukhari] said to Sadaqa, "Is 'until he is lifted up' in it?" He said, "He may have said it."

XXI: The wish of the mujahid to be returned to this world

2662. It is related from Anas ibn Malik £ that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "No one will enter the Garden and then want to return to this world, even if he had everything that is on the earth, except for a martyr who wants to return to this world and be killed ten times more because of the honour he experiences."

XXII: The Garden is under the blades of the swords

Al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba said, "Our Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, reported to us from the message of our Lord, 'Whoever of us is killed will go to the Garden."

'Umar asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Are not those of us killed in the Garden and those of them killed in the Fire?" He replied, "Yes indeed."

2663. It is related from Salim Abu'n-Nadr, the client of 'Umar ibn 'Ubaydullah, who was his scribe, "'Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa wrote to us that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had said, 'Know that the Garden is under the shadow of the swords."

Al-Uwaysi corroborated it from Abu'z-Zinad from Musa ibn 'Uqba.

XXIII: The one who asks for a child to do jihad

2664. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Sulayman, son of Da'ud, peace be upon them both, said, 'I will go around tonight to a hundred - or ninety-nine - wives and each of them will produce a warrior who will fight in the way of Allah.' His companion said to him, 'Say, "Allah willing."' He did not say 'Allah willing.' So only one woman of them became pregnant and she produced half a man. By the One who has the soul of Muhammad in His hand, if he had said, 'Allah willing', they would have all been warriors striving in the way of Allah.'"

XXIV: Courage and cowardice in war

2665. It is related that Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was the best of people, the bravest of people, and the most generous of people. The people of Madina were alarmed and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was the first of them on a horse and he said, 'We found it like a sea [in the speed of its gait].'"

2666. It is related from Jubayr ibn Mut'im that while he was travelling with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with some people, returning from Hunayn, some people began to cling to him asking him until they forced him back against an acacia tree and his cloak was snatched away. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stopped and said, "Give me my cloak. If I had had camels as numerous as these trees, I would have divided them between you and then you will not find me to be a miser, a liar nor a coward."

XXV: Seeking refuge from cowardice

2667. It is related that 'Amr ibn Maymun al-Azdi said, "Sa'd used to teach his sons these words as a teacher would teach boys to write. He said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to seek refuge from them after the prayer, 'O Allah, I seek refuge with You from cowardice and I seek refuge with You from reverting to the basest stage of life and I seek refuge with You fro the temptation of this world, and I seek refuge with You from the punishment of the grave.'"

2668. It is related that Anas ibn Malik was heard to say that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to say, "O Allah, I seek refuge with You from incapacity and laziness, cowardice and senility. I seek refuge with You from the trial of life and death, and I seek refuge with You from the punishment of the grave."

XXVI: The one who reported what he witnessed in battle

Abu 'Uthman reported it from Sa'd.

2669. It is related that as-Sa'ib ibn Yazid said, "I accompanied Talha ibn 'Ubaydullah, Sa'd, al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad and 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Awf and I did not hear any of them relate  anything from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, except that I heard Talha reporting about the Battle of Uhud."

XXVII: The obligatory nature of the call to fight and what is obligatory in jihad and intention

The words of Allah, "Go out to fight, whatever your circumstances or desires, and do jihad with your wealth and yourselves in the way of Allah. That is better for you if you only knew. If it had been a case of easy gains and a short journey, they would have followed you, but the distance was too great for them. They will swear by Allah: 'Had we been able to, we would have gone out with you.' They are destroying their own selves. Allah knows that they are lying." (9:41-42)

And His words, "O you who believe, what is wrong with you that when you are told, 'Go out and fight in the way of Allah,' you sink down heavily to the earth? Are you happier with the life of this world than the Next World? Yet the enjoyment of the life of this world is tiny compared to the Next World. If you do not go out to fight, He will punish you with a painful punishment and replace you with another people. You will not harm Him in any way. Allah has power over all things." (9:38-39)

It is mentioned from Ibn 'Abbas that "Go out to fight in separate groups" (4:71) refers to separate expeditions. The singular of thubat is thubba.

2670. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said on the Day of the Conquest, "There is no hijra after the Conquest of Makka, but there is jihad and intention. When you are called upon to fight, then go forth."

XXVIII: An unbeliever who kills a Muslim and then becomes Muslim, directs himself to good, and then is killed

2671. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah laughs about two men, one of whom kills the other and yet both of them enter the Garden. One fights in the way of Allah and is killed. Then Allah turns towards the killer, who then becomes Muslim himself and is martyred." (Muwatta, Book 21, 28)

2672. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "I went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he was at Khaybar after they had conquered it and said, 'Messenger of Allah, give me a share.' One of the sons of Sa'id ibn al-'As said, 'Do not give him a share, Messenger of Allah.'" Abu Hurayra said, "'This one murdered Ibn Qawqal!' The son of Sa'id ibn al-'As said, 'Wonder! A desert weasel slips down to us from Qadum Da'n, blaming me for killing a Muslim man whom Allah has honoured at my hands and who did not disgrace me at his hands.'" He said, "I do not know whether he gave him a share or not."

Another isnad from Abu Hurayra. Abu 'Abdullah said that as-Sa'idi (in the isnad) is 'Amr ibn Yahya ibn Sa'id ibn 'Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As.

XXIX: The one who prefers expeditions to fasting

2673. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "Abu Talha used to not fast in the time of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, because of going on expeditions. When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, I did not see him not fasting except for the day of Id al-Fitr and Id al-Adha."

XXX: Martyrdom applies to seven categories other than those killed (fighting)

2674. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There are five categories of martyr: someone killed by the plague, someone killed by an abdominal disease, someone who drowns, someone who is killed by a collapsing building and the martyr killed fighting in the way of Allah."

2675. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The plague is martyrdom for every Muslim."

XXXI: The words of Allah Almighty:

"Those believers who stay behind – other than those forced by necessity – are not the same as those who do jihad in the way of Allah, sacrificing their wealth and themselves. Allah has given those who do jihad with their wealth and themselves a higher rank than those who stay behind. Allah has promised the Best to both, but Allah has preferred those who do jihad over those who stay behind by an immense reward: high ranks conferred by Him as well as forgiveness and mercy. Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful." (4:95-96)

2676. It is related that al-Bara' said, "When Those believers who stay behind are not the same' was sent down, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, summoned Zayd and he brought a shoulder-blade and wrote it down. Ibn Umm Maktum complained of his blindness and there was sent down, Those believers who stay behind – other than those forced by necessity – are not the same.'"

2677. It is related that Sahl ibn Sa'd as-Sa'idi said, "I saw Marwan ibn al-Hakam sitting in the mosque and I went towards him and sat by his side. He informed us that Zayd ibn Thabit had informed him that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, dictated to him, Those believers who stay behind are not the same as those who do jihad in the way of Allah.' Ibn Umm Maktum came to him while he was dictating it and said, 'Messenger of Allah, if I was able to go on jihad, I would go on jihad!' He was a blind man. Then Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, sent down on His Messenger, and his thigh was against my thigh and it became so heavy for me that I feared my thigh would break. Then it left him and Allah, the Mighty and Exalted, had sent down, other than those forced by necessity.'"

XXXII: Steadfastness in fighting

2678. It is related from Salim Abu'n-Nadr that 'Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa wrote, and I read it, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had said, "When you meet them, be steadfast."

XXXIII: Encouragement to figh

The words of Allah Almighty, "Spur on the believers to fight." (8:65)

2679. It is related that Anas said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out to the Ditch when the Muhajirun and Ansar were digging on a cold morning. They did not have any servants to do that for them. When he saw their fatigue and hunger, he said, 'O Allah, The real life is the life of the Next World, so forgive the Ansar and the Muhajirun!' They said in reply to him:

'We are those who have given allegiance to Muhammad 
to always fight in jihad as long as we live!'"

XXXIV: Digging the Ditch

2680. It is related that Anas said, "The Muhajirun and the Ansar began digging the Ditch around Madina and remove the dirt on their backs, saying:

'We are those who have given allegiance to Muhammad 
to always be Muslims as long as we live!'

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, answered them, saying, 'O Allah, there is no good but the good of the Next World, so bless the Ansar and the Muhajirun!'"

2681. It is related that al-Bara' said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was carrying (earth) and saying, 'If it had not been for You, we would not have guided.'"

2682. It is related that al-Bara' said, "On the Day of the Confederates [i.e.the Ditch] I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, moving earth and the dust covered the white of his belly. He was saying, 'If it had not been for You, we would not have been guided nor given sadaqa nor fasted, so send down tranquillity on us and make our feet firm when we meet [the enemy].Those have wronged and attacked us, but we refused when they desired to tempt us.'"

XXXV: The one prevented from raiding by an excuse

2683. It is related that Anas said, "We returned from the expedition of Tabuk with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace."

2684. It is related from Anas that the Prophet,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was on an expedition and said, "There are people who have stayed behind us in Madina. We have not travelled through any ravine nor valley but that they are with us. They were held back by an excuse."

Another isnad. Abu 'Abdullah  [al-Bukhari] said that the first is sounder.

XXXVI: The excellence of fasting while [doing jihad] in the way of Allah

2685. It is related from Abu Sa'id that he heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "If someone fasts a day in the Way of Allah, Allah will put seventy years distance between his face and the Fire."

XXXVII: The excellence of spending in the way of Allah

2686. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If someone spends two things in the way of Allah, the guardians of the Garden, every guardian of a gate, call to him, 'O so-and-so! Come!' Abu Bakr said, 'Messenger of Allah, that is the one who will not be destroyed!' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'I hope that you will be one of them.'"

2687. It is related from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood on the minbar and said, "After me, I fear for you the blessings of the earth which will be opened to you.' Then he mentioned the attractions of this world and began with one of them and then mentioned the second. A man stood up and asked, "Messenger of Allah, can good bring evil?" The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was silent about it. We said, "He is being given revelation," and the people were silent as if there were birds on their heads. Then he wiped the sweat from his face and said, "Where is the one asked the question? Is good wealth? - three times - Good only brings good. It is like that which grows on the water course and nearly kills or nearly kills by bloating. The animal eats the plants until its sides are full and then it faces the sun and defecates and urinates and then grazes. This property is sweet and green. How excellent is the Muslim who takes it with its due and puts it in the way of Allah, the orphans and poor. The one who does not take wealth with its due is like the one who eats and does not become full, and it will be a witness against him on the Day of Rising."

XXXVIII: The excellence of someone who equips a fighter or cares for his dependents

2688. It is related from Zayd ibn Khalid that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who equips someone for an expedition in the way of Allah has gone on the expedition. Anyone who looks after someone's family has gone on the expedition."

2689. It is related from Anas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not frequent any house in Madina besides those of his wives except the house of Umm Sulaym. He was asked about it and said, "I feel compassion for her because her brother was killed with me."

XXXIX: Using hanut* perfume in fighting

2690. It is related from Ibn 'Awn that Musa ibn Anas mentioned the Battle of Yamana and said, "Anas went to Thabit ibn Qays and he had uncovered his thighs and was applying hanut. He said, 'Uncle, what is keeping you from coming?' He said, 'I'm coming now, nephew,' and put on the hanut and then came and sat down." He mentioned in thehadith that the people were routed. [Thabit] said, 'Get out from in front of us so that we can stike the people! This is not like what we used to do with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace! What bad habits you have picked from your fellows!" Hammad related it from Thabit from Anas.

[Hanut is a compound scent usually used for the dead.]

XL: The excellence of scouts

2691. It is related that Jabir said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Who will bring me news of the people?' on the Day of the Confederates. Az-Zubayr answered, 'I will!' Then he asked, 'Who will bring me news of the people*?' Az-Zubayr answered, 'I will!' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Every Prophet has disciples. My disciple is az-Zubayr.'"

[* Meaning the Banu Qurayza.]

XLI: Is a scout sent alone?

2692. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked for someone from the people (and Sadaqa said, "I think that it was the Day of the Ditch.") and az-Zubayr volunteered. Then he called the people and az-Zubayr volunteered. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Every Prophet has disciples. My disciple is az-Zubayr.'"

XLII: Two travelling together

2693. It is related that Malik ibn al-Huwayrith said, "I left the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said to us, I and my companion "You two give theadhan and the iqama, and the oldest of you should be the imam."

XLIII: Good will remain tied to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Rising

2694. It is related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Good will remain in the forelocks of horses until the Day of Rising."

2695. It is related from 'Urwa ibn al-Ja'd that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Good will remain tied to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Rising."

Another isnad. It is corroborated by Musaddad.

2696. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Blessing lies in the forelocks of horses."

XLIV: Jihad is carried out with both  the pious and the deviant

by the words of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Good will remain tied to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Rising."

2697. It is related from 'Urwa al-Bariqi that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Good will remain tied to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Rising: both the reward and booty."

XLV: The one who keeps a horse by the words of Allah Almighty, "and cavalry." (8:60)

2698. It is related from Abu Hurayra who said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If anyone keeps a horse in the way of Allah out of belief in Allah and in confirmation of His promise, its food, water, droppings and urine will be placed in his balance on the Day of Rising."

XLVI: The name of a horse and donkey

2699. 'Abdullah ibn Abi Qatada related from his father that he went out with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Abu Qatada was left behind with some of his companions. They were in ihram but he was not. They saw a wild ass before he saw. When they saw it, they left it until Abu Qatada saw it. He mounted a horse of his called al-Jarada and asked them to hand him his whip but they refused. So he took it and attacked it and slaughtered it. Then he ate and they ate as well, They went forward and when they reached him (the Prophet), he said, "Do you have any of it with you?" He said, "We have its leg." The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took it and ate it.

2700. It is related that Sahl said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had a horse in our garden called al-Luhayf."

Abu 'Abdullah said, "One of them said, "al-Lukhayf".

2701. It is related that Mu'adh said, "I was riding behind the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on a donkey called 'Ufayr. He said, 'Mu'adh, do you know what is Allah's right on His slaves and the right of the slaves on Allah?' I said, 'Allah and His Messenger know best.' He said, 'Allah's right on His slaves is that they should worship Him and not associate anything with Him. The slaves' right on Allah is that He will not punish anyone who does not associate anything with Him.' I said, 'Messenger of Allah, shall I tell the people that so that they can rejoice?' He said, 'Do not give them the good news, for then they will rely on it.'"

2702. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "There was an alarm in Madina and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, borrowed a horse of ours called Mandub. He said, 'We did not see any cause for alarm. We found it like the sea.'"

XLVII: What is mentioned about bad luck in horses

2703. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'There is bad luck in three: horses, women and houses.'"

2704. It is related from Sahl ibn Sa'd as-Sa'idi that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If it exists in anything, (there can be bad luck) in women, horses, and dwellings."

XLVIII: Horses are for three purposes

The words of Allah Almighty, "And horses, mules and donkeys both to ride and for adornment. And He creates other things you do not know." (16:8)

2705. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Horses are for three purposes. They are a reward for one man, and a shelter for another man and a burden for another man. As for the one who has a reward, that is the man who ties them in the Way of Allah and gives them a long tether in pasture or meadow. He will have good deeds for whatever it gets from the pasture or the meadow for the extent of its tether. If it breaks its tether and crosses a hill or two, then he has good deeds for its tracks and dung. If it crosses a river and drinks from it, that will be good deeds for him even if he did not intend to give it water. There is a man who ties them up out of boasting and showing-off and enmity towards the people of Islam. It is a burden for that man." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was asked about donkeys and said, "Nothing has been revealed to me about them except this general single verse, Whoever has done an atom's weight of good will see it and whoever has done an atom's weight of evil will see it." (99:7-8) (Muwatta, Book 21, 3)

XLIX: The one who strikes someone else's animal in an expedition

2706. It is related that Abu'l-Mutawakkil an-Naji said, "I went to Jabir ibn 'Abdullah al-Ansari and said to him, "Relate to me what you heard from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.' He said, 'I travelled with him on one of his journeys. (Abu 'Aqil said, "I do not know whether it was an expedition or 'umra.") When we were coming back, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever wants to hurry to his family, should hurry."' Jabir said, 'We advanced and I was on a dun camel of mine with no blemish. The people were behind me and while I was like that, it stopped cold with me. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me, "Jabir, stay put." He struck it a blow with his whip and the camel leapt from its place. He said, "Will you sell the camel?" I replied, "Yes." When we reached Madina and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered the mosque with the groups of his Companions, I went to him and hobbled the camel in a corner of the courtyard. I said to him, "This is your camel." He went out and began to explain the camel, saying, 'The camel is ours.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent some awqiyyas of gold and said, "Give it to Jabir." Then he said, "Have you received the price in full?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Both the price and the camel are yours."'"

L: Riding on headstrong animals and stallions

Rashid ibn Sa'd said, "The Salaf used to prefer stallions because they were faster and bolder."

2707. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "There was an alarm in Madina and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, borrowed a horse belonging to Abu Talha called Mandub and rode it. He said, 'We did not see any cause for alarm. We found the horse like the sea.'"

LI: The share given to the horse

Malik said, "The horse is given a share, and non-Arab horses are included because of His words, And horses, mules and donkeys both to ride.' (16:8)

There is no share for more than one horse.

2708. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave the horse two shares and his owner one share. (Muwatta, Book 21, 21)

LII: The one who leads someone else's animal in battle

2709. It is related that a man asked al-Bara' ibn 'Azib, "Did you flee from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the Battle of Hunayn?" He said, "But the Messenger of Allah did not flee. Hawazin are a people who are archers. When we met them, we attacked them and they were routed. The Muslims went forward for the booty and they confronted us with arrows. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not flee. I saw him on his while mule and Abu Sufyan had hold of its rein and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,was saying, 'I am the Prophet and it is no lie. I am the son of 'Abdu'l-Muttalib.'"

LIII: The saddle and stirrup of the camel

2710. It is related from Ibn 'Umar £ from the Prophet* that when he put his foot in the stirrup and the she-camel stood up with him, he would start saying the talbiya at the Mosque of Dhu'l-Hulayfa.

LIV: Ridding an unsaddled horse

2711. It is related from Anas, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came forward to us on a barebacked horse without a saddle, with a sword on his shoulder."

LV: A slow horse

2712. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that once they people of Madina were alarmed. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mounted a horse belonging to Abu Talha which was slow, or had some slowness in it. When he returned he said, "We found this horse of yours like a sea." After that it could not be rivalled (in pace).

LVI: Racing horses

2713. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, organised a race between trained horses which was to go from al-Hafya' to Thaniyatu'l-Wada', and a race between untrained horses from ath-Thaniya to the Mosque of the Banu Zurayq. 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "I was one of those who took part in the race."

It is related that Sufyan said that the distance from al-Hafya' to Thaniyatu'l-Wada' is five or six miles, and between ath-Thaniya and the Mosque of the Banu Zurayq is one mile.

LVII: Training horses for races

2714. It is related from 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had a race between untrained horses from ath-Thaniya to the Mosque of the Banu Zurayq, and that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar was one of those who raced in it.

Abu 'Abdullah said, "'Amad' means end, as in "for whom the time (amad) seemed over long ". (57:16)

LVIII: The end of the race for trained horses

2715. It is related that Ibn 'Umar said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, organised a race between trained horses which started at al-Hafya' and ended at Thaniyatu'l-Wada', I [Abu Ishaq] asked Musa, "How far was that?" He said, "Six or seven miles." He had a race between untrained horses, which started at ath-Thaniya and ended at Mosque of the Banu Zurayq. I asked Musa, "How far was that?" He replied, "About a mile or so." 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar was one of those who took part in the race.

LIX: The she-camel of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace

Ibn 'Umar said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had Usama ride behind him on al-Qaswa."

Al-Miswar said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Al-Qaswa is not headstrong."

2716. It is related that Anas said, "The she-camel of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was called al-'Adba'."

2717. It is related that Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had a she-camel called al-'Adba' which could not be beaten in a race (Humayd said, "Or could hardly be beaten.") A bedouin came on a youngish camel and beat it. That was difficult for the Muslims and, recognising that, he said, 'It is a right of Allah that nothing elevates itself in this world, without Him then bringing it low."

Another isnad from Anas from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

LX: The white mule of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace

Anas mentioned it. Abu Humayd said, "The King of Ayla gave the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, a white mule."

2718. It is related that 'Amr ibn al-Harith said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, only left a white mule, his weapons, and some land which he left assadaqa."

2719. It is related that a man said to al-Bara' ibn 'Azib, "Abu 'Umara! Did you turn in flight on the Day of Hunayn?" He said, "No, by Allah, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not turn in flight, but the hasty people turned in flight and Hawazin met them with arrows. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was on his while mule and Abu Sufyan had hold of its rein and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was saying, 'I am the Prophet and it is no lie. I am the son of 'Abdu'l-Muttalib.'"

LXI: The jihad of women

2720. It is related that 'A'isha, Umm al-Mu'minin, said, "I asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for permission to do jihad and he said, 'Your jihad is hajj.'"

Another isnad of this from Mu'awiya.

2721. It is related that 'A'isha, Umm al-Mu'minin, said, "I asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about women and jihad and he said, 'The best jihad is hajj.'"

LXII: A woman going on a naval expedition

2722. It is related that Anas ibn Malik was heard to say, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited the daughter of Milhan and lay down there and then smiled. She said, 'What made you smile, Messenger of Allah?' He said, 'Some people from my community who were riding the green sea in the way of Allah. They are like kings on thrones.' She said, 'Messenger of Allah, ask Allah to put me among them!' He said, 'O Allah, put her among them!' 'Then he did it again and smiled. She said the like to him or part of that and he said the like of that to her. She said, 'Ask Allah to put me among them.' He said, 'You are among the first and are not among the last.'" Anas said, "She married 'Ubada ibn as-Samit and embarked on the sea with the daughter of Qaraza*. When she returned, she mounted her animal and it threw her and she fell from it and died."

[* Whose name was Fakhita or Kunud, the wife of Mu'awiya]

LXIII: A man taking one of his wives on an expedition rather than his other wives

2723. It is related that 'A'isha said, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wanted to go out, he would draw lots between his wives, and the Prophet* would take with him whoever had her lot come out. He drew lots between us on an expedition pn which he went and my lot came out and I went out with the Prophet* after the veil had been revealed."

LXIV: Women going on expeditions and fighting along with the men

2724. It is related that Anas said, "On the day of Uhud, the people retreated from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace." He said, "I saw 'A'isha bint Abi Bakr and Umm Sulaym with their skirts rolled up so that I could see their anklets, hurrying with waterskins. (Another said, "Carrying the waterskins on their backs.") Then they would pour the water in the mouths of the the people and then go back to fill them up and then come back and pour it in the mouths of the people."

LXV: Women carrying waterskins to the people in the expedition

2725. It is related from Tha'laba ibn Abi Malik that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab divided up some garments among some of the women of Madina. One excellent garment remained and one of those with him said, "Amir al-Mu'minin! Give this to the (grand)daughter of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to whom you are married (meaning Umm Kultum bint 'Ali)." 'Umar said, "Umm Salit is more entitled." Umm Salit was one of the people of the Ansar who had given allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. 'Umar said, "She carried waterskins for us on the Day of Uhud."

Abu 'Abdullah said that tazfiru usually means "to stitch".

LXVI: Women treating those wounded in an expedition

2726. It is related that ar-Rubayyi' bint Mu'awwidh said, "We were with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, getting water and treating the wounded and we would take those killed back to Madina."

LXVII: Women taking back the wounded and dead

2727. It is related that ar-Rubayyi' bint Mu'awwidh said, "We used to go on expeditions with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and would get water for the people and serve them we would take the wounded and those killed back to Madina."

LXVIII: Removing arrows from the body

2728. It is related that Abu Musa said, "Abu 'Amir was shot in his knee. I got to him and he said, 'Pull this arrow out.' I pulled it out and water gushed from it. I went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and told him and he said, 'O Allah, forgive 'Ubayd Abu 'Amir."

LXIX: Guarding in the way of Allah

2729. It is related that 'A'isha said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sleepness. When he reached Madina, he said, 'Would that a righteous man of my Companions would guard me tonight!' Then we heard the sound of weapons. He said, 'Who is this?' He said, 'I am Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas. I have come to guard you.' So the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, slept."

2730. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "May the slave of the dinar and the dirham, the qatifa (outer garment) and khamisa (wrap) perish! If he is given them he is pleased, and if he is not given them he is not pleased."

Isra'il does not have it marfu' from Abu Husayn.

It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "May the slave of the dinar, the slave of the dirham and the slave of thekhamisa perish! If that is given to him, he is pleased. If that is not given to him, he is displeased. Let him be utterly ruined and be overturned! If he is pierced by a thorn, let it not be moved! Blessed is a slave who takes the reins of his horse in the way of Allah, head dishevelled and feet covered in dust. If he is put in the vanguard, he is pleased to be in the vanguard. If he is put in the rear, he is pleased to be in the rear. If he asks for permission, he is not given permission. If he intercedes, his intercession is not accepted*."

[* Because of his apparent lack of importance and wealth.]

Abu 'Abdullah said that Isra'il and Muhammad ibn Juhada do not have it marfu' from Abu Husayn.

Ta's (47:8) is as if he were saying, "May Allah destroy them." Tuba (blessed) is the feminine form of everything good (tayyib). In it the ya' which is transformed into a waw. It is that which is good.

LXX: The excellence of service in an expedition

2731. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "I accompanied Jarir ibn 'Abdullah al-Bajali and he used to serve me," although he was older  than Anas. Jarir said, "I saw the Ansar do something, and I promised myself that whenever I found any of them I would honour him."

2732. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "I went out with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to Khaybar to serve him. When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came back and Uhud loomed before him, he said, 'This is a mountain that loves us and we love it.' Then he pointed with his hand towards Madina and said, 'O Allah, I make inviolable what is between its two lava beds as Ibrahim made Makka inviolable. O Allah, bless us in our sa' and mudd.'"

2733. It is related that Anas said, "We were with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the only shade we could find was to shade oneself with his garment. Those who were fasting did not do anything. Those who were not fasting cared for the camels and served the fasters and treated them. The Prophet*, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Those who were not fasting have taken the reward today.'"

LXXI: The excellence of the one who carries his companion's baggage on a journey

2734. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Sadaqa is owed by every joint every day. To help a man with his animal and help him onto it is sadaqa. Or to lift his goods onto it is sadaqa. A good word is sadaqa. Every step you take to the prayer is sadaqa. Giving directions to the road issadaqa."

LXXII: The Excellence of ribat in the way of Allah

The words of Allah Almighty, "O you who believe! Be steadfast.; be supreme in steadfastness; be firm on the battlefield.; and show fear of Allah – so that perhaps you will be successful." (3:200)

2735. It is related from Sahl ibn Sa'd as-Sa'idi that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ribat for one day in the way of Allah is better than this world and what it contains. The place of the whip of one of you in the Garden is better than this world and what it contains. A morning or an evening spent in the way of Allah is better than this world and everything it contains."

LXXIII: The one who goes on an expedition with a boy to serve him

2736. It is related from Anas ibn Malik, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to Abu Talha, Look out one of your boys to serve me when I go out to Khaybar.' Abu Talha brought me out riding behind him. At that time I was a boy who was near puberty. I would serve the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he alighted. I would often hear him say, 'O Allah, I seek refuge with you from care and sorrow, incapacity and laziness, miserliness and cowardice, the burden of debt and being overcome by men.' Then we came to Khaybar and when Allah let him conquer the fortress, the beauty of Safiyya bint Huyayy ibn Akhtab was mentioned to him. Her husband had been killed and she was a bride. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, chose her for himself and went with her until we reached Sadd ar-Sahba' where she became lawful and he went to her in marriage. Then some hays was put on a small leather mat. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Announce it to those around you.' That was the marriage-feast of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with Safiyya. Then we left for Madina." He said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, enfolding her behind him in his cloak. Then he sat beside his camel and put his knee up and Safiyya put her foot on his knee to mount. We travelled until when we were looking over Madina, he looked at Uhud and said, 'This is a mopuntain which loves us and we love it.' Then he looked at Madina and said, O Allah, I make inviolable what is between its two lava beds as Ibrahim made Makka inviolable. O Allah, bless them in their sa' and mudd.'"

LXXIV: Embarking on the sea

2737. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that Umm Haram related to him that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was having a midday nap one day in her house and woke up, smiling. She said, "Messenger of Allah, what made you smile?" He said, "I marvelled at some people of my community riding the sea like kings on thrones." [She said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, ask Allah to put me among them!' He said, 'You are among them.' Then he went to sleep and woke up, smiling and said the like of that twice or three times. I said, 'Messenger of Allah, ask Allah to put me among them!' He said, 'You are among the first.'" 'Ubada ibn as-Samit married her and took her on the expedition. When she returned, an animal was brought near for her to mount and she fell and broke her neck."

LXXV: The one who asks for the help of the weak and the righteous in war

2738. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas, "Abu Sufyan reported to me, 'Caesar said to me, "I asked you whether the nobles or humble people followed him and you said that the humble people followed him. They are always the ones who follow the Messengers."'"

2739. It is related that Mus'ab ibn Sa'd said, "Sa'd thought that he had preference over those below him and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Are you given victory and provision except on account of the weak among you?'"

2740. It is related from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A time will come when groups of people will go on expedition. It will be said, 'Is there any among you who kept the company of the Prophet?' It will be said, 'Yes,' and victory will be given because of him. Then a time will come when it will be said, 'Is there any among you who kept the company of the Companions of the Prophet?' It will be said, 'Yes.' And victory will be given. Then a time will come when it will be said, 'Is there any among you who kept the company of the companions of the Companions of the Prophet?' It will be said, 'Yes.' And victory will be given."

LXXVI: Do not say, "So-and-so is a martyr."

2741. It is related that Abu Hurayra said from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Allah knows best the one who does jihad in His way and Allah knows best the one who is wounded in His way."

2742. It is related from Sahl ibn Sa'd as-Sa'idi that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the idolaters met and fought. When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned to his camp, the others returned to their camp. A man among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah said that he would follow any of them who was separate or alone and strike him down with his sword. They said, "Today none of us has given satisfaction as so-and-so has!" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "He is one of the people of the Fire." A man of the people said, "I will accompany him." (He said,) He went out with him and stopped with him. He hurried when he hurried. The man received a severe wound and hastened his death by placing the hilt of his sword in the earth and its point at his breast and then fell on his sword and killed himself. The man went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, "I testify that you are the Messenger of Allah." He said, "What is it?" He said, "Regarding the man you mentioned before as being one of the people of the Fire, which people thought terrible, I said, 'I will go out to follow him.' Then he received a severe wound and he hastened his death by placing the hilt on his sword in the earth and point at his breast and then he fell on it and killed himself." At that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man can do the actions of the people of the Garden in what he shows to people, while he is one of the people of the Fire, and a man can do the actions of the people of the Fire in what he shows to people, while he is one of the people of the Garden."

LXXVII: Encouragement of shooting

The words of Allah Almighty, "Arm yourselves against them with all the firepower and cavalry you can muster, to terrify the enemies of Allah and your enemies." (8:60)

2743. It is related that Salama ibn al-Akwa' said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by a group of Aslam who were shooting against one another and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Shoot, Banu Isma'il! Your ancestor was an archer. Shoot, and I am with the the Banu so-and-so.' So one of the two parties stopped shooting, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked, 'Why are you not shooting?' They said, 'How can we shoot when you are with them?' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Shoot, and I am with all of you.'"

2744. It is related that Abu Usayd said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said on the Day of Badr when we were lined up against Quraysh and they were lined up against us, 'When they draw near you, then you must shoot.'"

LXXVIII: Playing with spears and the like

2745. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "'Umar entered while the Abyssinians were playing with their spears in the presence of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He picked up some pebbles and threw them at them, He said, Umar, leave them be!'" It is added from Ma'mar that they were in the mosque.

LXXIX: Shields and the one who is shielded with his companion's shield

2746. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "Abu Talha was shielding himself and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with the same shield, Abu Talha was a good archer. When he shot, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would look over to see where his arrow landed."

2747. It is related that Sahl said, "When the helmet of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was broken on his head and his face was bloodied and his front-tooth was broken, 'Ali brought water in his shield and Fatima washed him. When she saw that the water increased the bleeding, she got a mat and burned it and then applied it to his wound and the bleeding subsided."

2748. It is related that 'Umar said, "The property of the Banu'n-Nadir was part of the booty which Allah gave His Messenger for which the Muslims did not stir horses or camels. It was for the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in particular and he would spend the yearly maintenance of his family from it and then put what remained into arms and horses as preparation for the way of Allah."

2749. It is related from 'Ali. [see below]

It is related that 'Ali said, "I did not see the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, 'May my father and mother be your ransom' to any man after Sa'd. I heard him say, 'Shoot, may my father and mother be your ransom!'"

LXXX: Leather shields

2750. It is related that 'A'isha said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to visit me when there were two slavegirls with me singing about Bu'ath. He lay down on the bed and turned his face away. Abu Bakr came and scolded me, saying, 'Musical instruments from Shaytan in the presence of the Messenger of Allah!' The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, turned to him and said, 'Leave them be.' When (Abu Bakr) was not paying any attention, I signalled to them and they went out." She said, "This was the day of the 'Id and the black people were playing a game with their spears and shields. Either I asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, or he himself said, 'Do you want to have a look?' I said, 'Yes,' so he stood me behind him with my cheek against his and said, 'Go on, Banu Arfida!' until I became bored. He said, 'Is that enough for you?' I said, 'Yes' and he said, 'Go on then.'"

Ahmad said from Ibn Wahb, "When he was not paying any attention."

LXXXI: Sword-straps and hanging the sword on the shoulder

2751. It is related that Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was the best of people and the bravest of people. One night the people of Madina were alarmed and went out towards the sound. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, met them and he had already verified the business. He was on a horse belonging to Abu Talha without a saddle, with a sword on his shoulder. He said, 'Do not be alarmed. Do not be alarmed.' Then he said [about the horse], 'We found it like the sea,' or 'It is a sea.'"

LXXXII: Embellishing swords

2752. It is related that Abu Umama said, "People made the conquests without gold or silver embellishments on their swords. Their embellishment was tanned leather, lead and iron."

LXXXIII: The one who hung his sword on a tree in a journey at midday

2753. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah reported that he went on an expedition with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the direction of Najd. When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned, he returned with him. Midday overtook them in a valley with a lot of large thorn-trees in it. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, alighted and the people split up to seek the shade of the trees. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, alighted under a tree and hung his sword on it. He said, "We went to sleep and then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called out to us. There was a bedouin with him and he said, 'This one unsheathed my sword against me while I was asleep. I woke up and he had it unsheathed in his hand and he demanded, "Who will protect you from me?" I replied, "Allah" three times.' He did not punish him, and he sat down."

LXXXIV: Wearing helmets

2754. It is related that Sahl was asked about the wound of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the Day of Uhud. He said, "The face of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was wounded, his front-tooth broken and his helmet was smashed on his head. Fatima, peace be upon her, washed the blood away while 'Ali held the water. When she saw that it increased the bleeding, she took a mat and burned it until it was ash and then applied it and the bleeding stopped."

LXXXV: The one who did not think that weapons should be broken when someone died

2755. It is related that 'Amr ibn al-Harith said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, only left his white mule, his weapons, and some land that he madesadaqa."

LXXXVI: People separating from the Imam at midday and seeking shade in the trees

2756. It is related from Jabir....

It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah reported that he went on an expedition with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Midday overtook them in a valley with a lot of large thorn-trees in it. The people split up to seek the shade of the thorn-trees. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, satunder a tree, hung his sword on it and then went to sleep. He woke up and a man was with him whom he had not noticed. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "This man unsheathed my sword and demanded, 'Who will protect you from me?' I replied, 'Allah.' He sheathed the sword, and here he is sitting here." Then he did not punish him.

LXXXVII: What is said about spears

It is mentioned from Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "My provision has been placed under the shadow of my spear, and abasement and humility have been placed on the one who disobeys my command."

2757. It is related from Abu Qatada that he was with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and when they had gone part of the way on the road to Makka, he fell behind with some of his companions who were in ihram. He himself was not in ihram. He spotted a wild ass and mounted his horse and asked his companions to hand him his whip but they refused. He asked them to hand him his spear and they refused. So he took it, attacked the ass and killed it. Some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ate from it and some refused. When they caught up to the Messenger of Allah,  may Allah bless him and grant him peace, they asked him about that. He said, "It is food which Allah has fed you."

The like of the hadith of Abu'n-Nadr about the wild ass is related from Abu Qatada in which he said, "Do you have any of its meat with you?"

LXXXVIII: What is said about the armour of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his shirt in war

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,  said, "Khalid has kept his armour in the way of Allah."

2758. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said while he was in a tent, 'O Allah, I ask you by Your pledge and Your promise! O Allah, if You wish, you will not be worshipped after this day!' Abu Bakr took his hand and said, 'Enough, Messenger of Allah. You have implored your Lord.' He was in armour and he went out, saying, "The assembly will be routed and turn their backs in flight. In fact the Hour is their promised appointment and the Hour is more disastrous and bitter!' (54:45-36)"

Wuhayb said that Khalid related that it was the Day of Badr.

2759. It is related that 'A'isha said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died while his armour was pledged to a Jew for thirty sa's of barley."

It is related that al-A'mash said, "He had pledged his iron armour."

2760. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The likeness of the miser and the one who gives is like two men wearing shirts of chain-mail from their breasts to their collar bones. When the giver of sadaqa spends, his shirt expands over his body until it covers his fingertips and obliterates his footsteps. When the miser wants to spend anything, every link remains in its place and constricts him, and his hands are pressed to his collar bones." He heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "He tries to make it looser but it will not get looser."

LXXXIX: The cloak on journeys and in war

2761. It is related that al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out to relieve himself. Then he faced qibla and I brought the water. He was wearing a Syrian cloak. He washed his mouth and snuffed water up his nose and washed his face. He tried to put his hand through his sleeves, but they were too tight and so he brought them out from underneath and washed them and wiped his head and over his leather socks."

XC: Silk during war

2762. It is related from Anas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, allowed 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn 'Awf and az-Zubayr to wear silk shirts because of an itch they both suffered from.

2763. Another isnad from Anas.

It is related from Anas: "'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn 'Awf and az-Zubayr complained to the Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, - i.e. about lice - and he allowed them to wear silk. I saw them wearing it in the expedition."

2764. It is related from Anas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, allowed 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn 'Awf and az-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam to wear silk.

It is related from Anas that he allowed it - or an allowance was made for an itch they both had.

XCI: What is mentioned about the knife

2765. It is related from Ja'far ibn 'Amr ibn Umayya that his father said, "I saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, eating from a shoulder of mutton from which he cut pieces. Then he was called to the prayer and prayed without doingwudu'."

Az-Zuhri added, "He threw the knife aside."

XCII: What was said about fighting the Greeks

2766. It is related from Khalid ibn Ma'dan that 'Umayr ibn al-Aswad al-'Ansi informed him that he went to 'Ubada ibn as-Samit who was living on the coast of Homs in a house of his while Umm Haram was with him. 'Umayr said, "Umm Haram related to us that she had heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'The first army of my community to raid in the sea must have [the Garden].' Umm Haram said, 'I asked, "Messenger of Allah, am I among them?" He said, "You are among them." Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The first army of my community to attack the city of Caesar will be forgiven." I said, "Am I among them, Messenger of Allah?" He replied, "No."'"

XCIII: Fighting the Jews

2767. It is related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "You will fight the Jews until one of them tries to hide himself behind a rock and it calls out, 'O slave of Allah! This Jew is behind me, so kill him!'"

2768. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The Final Hour will not come until you fight the Jews and until the stone behind which the Jew is hiding calls out, 'O Muslim! This Jew is behind me, so kill him!'"

XCIV: Fighting the Turks

2769. It is related that 'Amr ibn Taghlib reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "One of the signs of the Final Hour is that you will fight a people who wear hair sandals, and one of the signs of the Final Hour is that you will fight a people with broad faces. It is as if their faces were shields covered with skin."

2770. It is related that Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The Final Hour will not come until you fight the Turks, with small eyes, red faces and flat noses. It is as if their faces were shields covered with skin. The Final Hour will not come until you fight a people with hair sandals."

XCV: Fighting those who wear hair sandals

2771. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The Final Hour will not come until you fight a people with hair sandals. The Final Hour will not come until you fight a people whose faces resemble shields covered with skin."

It is related in a transmission from Abu Hurayra, "With small eyes and flat noses. It is as if their faces were shields covered with skin."

XCVI: The one who formed his companions into ranks in defeat and dismounted from his animal and prayed for victory

2772. It is related from Abu Ishaq, "I heard a man ask al-Bara', 'Abu 'Umara, did you flee on the Day of Hunayn?' He said, 'No, by Allah. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not turn his back, but some of the young men and light-armed of his Companions went out in an unarmed group. They came to some people who were archers of Hawazin and the Banu Nasr whose arrows rarely missed the target, and they shot their arrows at them which hardly missed. They then made for the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who was on his white mule which was being led by his cousin, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith ibn 'Abdu'l-Muttalib. He dismounted and asked for victory and then said, 'I am the Prophet and it is no lie. I am the son of 'Abdu'l-Muttalib.' Then he formed his Companions into ranks."

XCVII: Supplication against the unbelievers asking for their defeat and their being shaken

2773. It is related that 'Ali said, "On the Day of the Confederates, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'May Allah fill their houses and graves with fire! They have distracted us from the middle prayer (i.e. 'Asr) until the sun set!"

2774. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made supplication in the qunut, he used to pray, 'O Allah, deliver Salama ibn Hisham! O Allah, deliver al-Walid ibn al-Walid! O Allah, deliver 'Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'a! O Allah, deliver all oppressed believers! O Allah, be hard on Mudar! O Allah, give them years of drought like the drought years of Yusuf!'"

[cf. Qur'an 12:48]

2775. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa was heard to say, "On the Day of the Confederates, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prayed against the idolaters and said, 'O Allah who sends down the Book, who is swift in the Reckoning! O Allah, defeat the Confederates! O Allah, defeat them and shake them!'"

2776. It is related that 'Abdullah said, "Once the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was praying in the shadow of the Ka'ba when Abu Jahl and some people of Quraysh said, 'A camel has been sacrificed in part of Makka.' So they sent someone for its placenta which they threw on him. Fatima came and threw it off of him. He said, 'O Allah! Deal with the Quraysh! O Allah! Deal with the Quraysh! O Allah! Deal with the Quraysh!' and he named Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, 'Utba ibn Rabi'a, Shayba ibn Rabi'a, al-Walid ibn 'Utba, Umayya ibn Khalaf and 'Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt." 'Abdullah said, "I saw them dead in the well of Badr."

Abu Ishaq said, "I forgot the seventh." Abu Ishaq said, "Umayya ibn Khalaf," and Shu'ba said, "Umayya or Ubayy." The sound version is Umayya.

2777. It is related from 'A'isha, "The Jews visited the Prophet*, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Poison upon you, (as-samu 'alayk)' and I cursed them. He said, 'What is wrong with you?' I said, 'Did you not hear what they said?' He said, 'Did you not hear what I said? "And upon you."'"

XCVIII: Does a Muslim guide the People of the Book or teach them the Book?

2778. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wrote to Caesar and said, "If you turn away, then you incur the wrong actions of your subjects."

XCIX: Making supplication for the guidance of the idolaters in order to bring them near

2779. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "Tufayl ibn 'Amr ad-Dawsi and his companions came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, Daws have rebelled and refused, so ask Allah to curse them.' It was said, 'Daws is destroyed.' He said, 'O Allah, guide Daws and bring them!'"

C: Inviting the Jews and Christians and for what reason they are fought. What the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wrote to Chosroes and Caesar. Inviting (to Islam) before fighting

2780. It is related that Anas ibn Malik was heard to say, "When Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wanted to write to the Greeks, he was told that they would not read letters unless they were sealed. So he took a signet-ring of silver. It is as if I were looking at its whiteness on his hand. It was engraved with, 'Muhammad, Messenger of Allah'."

2781. 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent his letter to Chosroes. He commanded that it be given to the governor of Bahrayn and the governor of Bahrayn should give it to Chosroes. When Chosroes read the letter, he tore it up. Ibn Shihab reckoned that Ibn al-Musayyab said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, put a curse on them that they would be torn to pieces.

CI: The Prophet calling to Islam and prophethood, and that they should not take one another as lords apart from Allah

The words of Allah Almighty, "It is not right for any human being that Allah should give him the Book and Judgement and Prophethood, and then that he should say to people, 'Be worshippers of me rather than Allah. Rather he will say, 'Be people of the Lord because of your knowledge of the Book and because you study.'" (3:79)

2782. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas reported, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wrote to Caesar to invite him to Islam. He sent his letter to him with Dihya al-Kalbi. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded him to give it to the governor of Bosra for him to give to Caesar. When Allah had defeated the armies of Persia for Caesar, he had walked from Homs to Jerusalem out of gratitude for the blessing Allah had given him. When the letter of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, reached Caesar, after reading it, he said, 'Seek out for me any of his people here so that I can question him about the Messenger of Allah.'"

Ibn 'Abbas said, "Abu Sufyan informed me that he had been in Syria with some men of Quraysh who had come to trade in the period of the truce between the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the unbelievers of Quraysh. Abu Sufyan said, 'Caesar's messenger found us in part of Syria and brought me and my companions to Jerusalem and we entered where he was. He was sitting in his royal assembly wearing the crown and the great men of Byzantium were around him. He said to his translator, "Ask them which among you is closest in lineage to this man who claims that he is a Prophet?" Abu Sufyan said, "I am the nearest to him in lineage." He asked, "What is the kinship between you and him?" I said, "He is my nephew, and there is no one in the caravan today from the Banu 'Abdu'l-Manaf but me." Caesar said, "Bring him near," and he commanded that my companions be put directly behind me by my shoulder. Then he said to his translator, "Tell his companions and I am asking this man about the one who claims that he is a Prophet. If he tells me a lie, then they should call him a liar."'

"Abu Sufyan said, 'By Allah, if it had not been for the shame that my companions would say that I was lying, I would have lied to him that day when he asked me about him. But I was embarrassed that they would say that I lied, so I told him the truth. Then he said to his translator, "Ask him what is the lineage of this man among you?" I replied, "He has noble lineage among us." He asked, "Has any of you made this statement before him?" I said, "No." He said, "Did you used to suspect him of lying before he said what he said?" I said, "No." He asked, "Was any of his ancestors a king?" I answered, "No." He said, "Do the nobles of the people follow him or their humble ones?" I replied, "Their humble ones." He asked, "Are they on the increase or decrease?" I said, "They are on the increase." He asked, "Does any of them become displeased with his deen and apostatise after entering it?" I answered, "No." He said, "Does he act treacherously?" I replied, "No, but at the moment we have a truce with him that we fear he may betray."

"Abu Sufyan said, 'I could not get a word in at all in which I deprecated him without fearing that they would call me a liar. He asked, " Have you fought him or has he fought you?" I said, "Yes." He said, "How was the war behind you and him?" I said, "Success in the war alternated between us - sometimes he would get the better of us and sometimes we of him." He said, "What does he order you to do?"' He said, 'He commands us to worship Allah alone and not associate anything with Him and forbids us what our ancestors worshipped. He commands us to pray, to speak the truth, to be chaste, to fulfil contracts and to hand over trusts.'

"When I said that to him, he said to his translator, 'Tell him: "I asked you about his lineage among you and you mentioned that he has noble lineage; in the same way all the Messengers who were sent came from noble lineage among their peoples. I asked you whether anyone else among you had said such a thing before him and you asserted they had not. If any of you had said this before him, I would have said that he was a man following the precedent of something said before. I asked you whether you accused him of being a liar before he said what he said and you said no. I knew that he not would refuse to lie about people and then tell lies against Allah. I asked you whether any of his ancestors was a king and you said no. I said that if one of his ancestors had been a king, I would have said that he was a man seeking the kingdom of his ancestors. I asked you whether the nobles or humble people followed him and you said that their humble people followed him. They are the ones who follow the Messengers. I asked you whether they were on the increase or decrease and you said that they were on the increase. That is what happens with belief until it is complete. I asked you whether anyone had apostatized out of dislike for his deen after he had entered and you stated that they had not. That is how it is with belief when its joy mixes with the hearts - no one dislikes it. I asked you whether he had been treacherous and you said no. That is how it is with the Messengers. They are not treacherous. I asked you whether you had fought him and he had fought you, and you said that it had happened and that success in the war alternated between you - sometimes he would get the better of you and sometimes you of him. Messengers are tested like that and they have the final outcome. I asked you what he commanded you and you stated that he commanded you to worship Allah and not associate anything with him and forbade you what your fathers were worshipping, and he commanded you to pray, speak truthfully, be chaste, fulfill contracts and return trusts.' He said, 'This is the description of the Prophet. I knew that he was going to appear, but I did not think that it would be from you. If what you said is true, then he will soon control this place where these two feet of mine are now standing. If I knew that I could reach him, I would set out to meet him. If I were with him, I would wash his feet.'

"Abu Sufyan said, 'Then he called for the letter of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and it was read out. It said: "In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad, the slave of Allah and His Messenger, to Heraclius, ruler of the Byzantines. Peace be upon the one who follows guidance. Following on from that: I call you to Islam. If you become Muslim, you will be safe and Allah will double your reward. If you turn away, then you incur the wrong actions of your subjects. And, 'O People of the Book! Come to a proposition which is the same for us and you – that we should worship none but Allah and not attribute any partners to Him and not take one another as lords besides Allah. If they turn away, say, "Bear witness that we are Muslims."' (3:64)"'

"Abu Sufyan said, 'When he finished what he said, the voices of the great men of Byzantium around him were raised and there was a great uproar. I do not know what they said. We were turned out. When I went out with my companions and was alone with them, I said to them, "This business of Ibn Abi Kabsha has become so prominent that he alarms even the King of the Greeks."'

"Abu Sufyan said, "By Allah, I remained humble and was certain that he would be victorious until Allah brought my heart to Islam while I disliked it.'"

2783. It is related that Sahl ibn Sa'd heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say on the Day of Khaybar, "Tomorrow I will give the banner to a man at whose hands Allah will conquer. He loves Allah and His Messenger and Allah and his Messenger love him." They spent the night wondering who it would be given to, and in the morning all of them were hoping to get it. He said, "Where is 'Ali?" He was told, "He has something wrong with his eyes." He commanded that he be summoned and he spat in his eyes and the place was healed as if there had not been anything wrong with it. He said, "Shall we fight them until they become the same as us?" He said, "Take it easy until you alight in their quarter and then invite them to Islam and tell them what is incumbent on them regarding the rights of Allah Almighty. By Allah, for one man to be guided by you is better for you than having red camels."

[Red camels were the most precious form of wealth among the Arabs.]

2784. It is related that Anas said, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, attacked a people, he did not attack until morning. If he heard theadhan, he would hold back. If he did not hear the adhan, he would attack after it was morning. We alighted at Khaybar in the night."

It is related from Anas, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, raided with us."

2785. It is related from Anas, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out to Khaybar and reached it at night. When he came to a people at night, he would not attack them until morning. When it was morning, the Jews came out carrying their spades and buckets. When they saw him, they said, 'Muhammad! By Allah, Muhammad and the army!' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Allah is greater! Khaybar is destroyed. When we alight in the yard of a people, it is a bad morning indeed for those who have been warned.'" (Muwatta, Book 21, 48)

2786. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I have been commanded to fight people until they say that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Then their lives and property are protected from me except for the right [of Islam], and their reckoning is up to Allah."

'Umar and Ibn 'Umar related it from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

CII: The one who intends to go on an expedition and gives the impression he is going elsewhere. The one who wanted to set out on Thursday.

2787. It is related that Ka'b ibn Malik was heard to say when he stayed behind the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Whenever the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, intended to go on an expedition, he would give the impression that he was going elsewhere."

2788. It is related that Ka'b ibn Malik was heard to say, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, intended to make an expedition, it was rare that he did not give the impression that he was going elsewhere, until the expedition of Tabuk. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set out against it in severe heat and he faced a long journey though the desert and was embarking on an expedition against a numerous foe. He made the business clear to the Muslims so that they could make necessary preparation against the enemy. He told them the direction he was taking."

2789. It is related that Ka'b ibn Malik said, "Rarely did the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set out on a journey when he set out on other than on a Thursday."

2790. It is related that Ka'b ibn Malik said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set out on a Thursday on the expedition of Tabuk. He preferred to set out on a Thursday."

CIII: Setting out after Dhuhr

2791. It is related from Anas that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prayed Dhuhr in Madina, doing four rak'ats, and and 'Asr with two rak'ats at Dhu'l-Hulayfa. "I heard them shouting [the talbiyya] for both [hajj and 'umra] together."

CIV: Setting out at the end of the month

2792. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set out from Madina when five days were left of Dhu'l-Qa'da and arrived in Makka on the fourth night of Dhu'l-Hijja."

2793. It is related that 'A'isha was heard to say, "We set out with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when five days were left of Dhu'l-Qa'da with no other intention than to perform hajj. When we drew near Makka, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded the one who did not have any sacrificial animal with him, to come out of ihram when he had done tawaf of the House and run between Safa and Marwa." 'A'isha said, "On the Day of Sacrifice, some beef was brought into us and I asked, 'What is this?' The reply was, 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, has sacrificed a cow on behalf of his wives.'"

Yahya said, "I mentioned this hadith to al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and he said, 'By Allah, she [referring to 'Amra bint 'Abdu'r-Rahman in the isnad] has brought you this hadith in its proper form.'"

CV: Setting out in Ramadan

2794. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set out in Ramadan and fasted until he reached al-Kadid where he broke his fast."

Another isnad.

CVI: Bidding farewell

2795. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent us out on an expedition and said, 'If you meet so-and-so and so-and-so - two men of Quraysh whom he named - then burn them with fire.' We came to him to say goodbye and when we wanted to leave, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'I ordered you to burn so-and-so and so-and-so with fire. Only Allah punishes by fire. If you come across them, then kill them.'"

[The two men referred to were Habbar ibn al-Aswad and another man who had accousted  the camel of Zaynab, his daughter, so that it threw her off.]

CVII: Hearing and obeying the ruler

2796. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Hearing and obeying is a duty as long one is not commanded to rebellion (against Allah). When one is commanded to rebellion, then there is no hearing and obeying."

CVIII: Fighting in front of the ruler and seeking his protection

2797. It is related that Abu Hurayra heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "We are the last, but the outstrippers." And in this isnad, "Whoever obeys me, has obeyed Allah. Whoever disobeys me, has disobyed Allah. Whoever obeys the amir, has obeyed me, and whoever disobeys the amir, has obeyed me. The ruler is a protection. One fights before him and is protected by him. If he commands fear of Allah and justice, then he has a reward for that. If he says something else, then he will bear the consequences of that."

CIX: Allegiance in battle not to flee. One of them said: "to the death" by the words of Allah Almighty, "Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you under the Tree." (48:18)

2798. It is related from Ibn 'Umar , "We returned the following year, and not even two of us could agree about which was the tree under which we had given allegiance. That was a mercy from Allah." [Juwayriyya said,] "I asked Nafi', 'On what basis did he take allegiance from them? Until death?' He said, 'No, he took allegiance from them on the basis of them remaining steadfast.'"

2799. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn Zayd said that at the time of the Battle of al-Harra, someone came to him and said to him, "The son of Hanzala is taking allegiance to death." He said, "I will not give allegiance to anyone for that after the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace."

2800. It is related that Salama said, "I gave allegiance to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and then turned away to the shade of the tree. When the crowd lessened, he said, 'O Ibn al-Akwa'! Will you not give allegiance?' I said, 'I have already given allegiance, Messenger of Allah!' He said, 'Again.' So I gave him allegiance a second time." [Yazid ibn Abi 'Ubayd said,] 'I said to him, 'Abu Muslim, on what basis did you give allegiance on that day?' He replied, 'To death.'"

2801. It is related that Anas was heard to say, "On the Day of the Ditch, the Ansar were saying:

'We are those who have given allegiance to Muhammad 
to fight jihad forever as long as we live.'

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, replied to them and said, 'O Allah, there is no life but the life of the Next World. Honour the Ansar and the Muhajirun!'"

2802. It is related that Mujashi' said, "I and my brother came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and I said, 'Take our allegiance based on emigration.' He said, 'Emigration has passed with its people.' I asked, 'On what basis will you take our allegiance?' He replied, "On Islam and jihad.'"

CX: The ruler ordering the people to do what they are capable of

2803. It is related that 'Abdullah said, "Today a man came to me and asked me about about something to which I did not know how to respond. He said, 'What if a well-armed and energetic man goes out with our commanders on expeditions and orders us to do things we are incapable of?' I said to him, 'By Allah, I do not know what to tell you. We were with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and would only command us to do something but once and we would do it. Each of you will remain in good as long as he fears Allah. When he has doubts about something in himself, he should ask a man who can remove his doubt. But a time will soon come when you will not find (such a man). By Him, and there is no god but Him, I only think that what remains of this world is like a pond whose pure water has been drunk and only its muddy water remains."

CXI: When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,did not fight at the beginning of the day and delayed fighting until the sun had declined

2804. It is related from Salim Abu'n-Nadr, the client of 'Umar ibn 'Ubadyullah, who was his scribe, said, "'Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa wrote to us and I read it, 'During one of his battles in which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, participated, he waited until the sun declined and then stood up to address the people and said, "O people! Do not be too eager to meet the enemy and ask Allah for well-being. When you do meet them, be steadfast. Know that the Garden lies under the shadow of the swords." Then he said, "O Allah, Sender-down of the Book and Mover of the clouds and Vanquisher of the companies, defeat them and help us against them!"'"

CXII: A man asking permission from the ruler

By His words, "The believers are those who believe in Allah and His Messenger and who, when they are with him on a matter of common concern, do not leave until they have asked him for permission. Those people who do ask you for permission are the ones who truly believe in Allah and His Messenger. If they ask your permission to attend to their own affairs, give permission to any of them you please; and ask Allah's forgiveness for them. Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful." (24:62)

2805. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "I went on an expedition with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, caught up to me while I was on an irrigation camel of ours that had become tired so that it could hardly walk. He asked me, 'What is wrong with your camel?' I answered, 'It is tired.'" He said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went behind and chided it and prayed for it and it went between the camels until it was going in front of them. He said, 'How do you find your camel?' I said, 'Well. It has your blessing.' He asked, 'Will you sell it to me?' I was shy although we did not have any other camel besides it. I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Sell it to me then,' so I sold it to him provided that I could ride on its back until I reached Madina."

He said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, I am a bridegroom,' and I asked his permission [to go ahead] and he gave me permission. I preceded the people to Madina and my uncle meet me. He asked me about the camel and I told him what I had done about it. He criticised me. When I had asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for permission, he asked me, 'Have you married a virgin or a woman who was married prviously?' I said, 'I have married a woman who was married previously.' He asked, 'Why not a virgin whom you could play with and who could play with you?' I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, my father died - or was martyred - and I have young sisters. I did not want to marry someone like them who could not discipline them or and take care of them. Therefore I married a woman who had been previously married to care for them and discipline them.'"

He said, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, reached Madina, I took the camel to him and he gave me its price and then returned it to me."

Al-Mughira said, "In our judgement this is excellent and we see no harm in it."

["This" means a sale with this sort of condition attached to it.]

CXIII: The one who goes on an expedition while newly married

It in is Jabir from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

CXIV: The one who chooses to go out on an expedition after consummation of a marriage

In it is Abu Hurayra from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

CXV: The ruler going out first when there is an alarm

2806. It is related from Anas ibn Malik who said, "There was an alarm in Madina, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, rode a horse belonging to Abu Talha and he said, "We did not see anything. We found the horse to move like a sea."

CXVI: Swiftness and galloping when there is an alarm

2807. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "The people were alarmed and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, rode a slow horse belonging to Abu Talha and set out galloping on his own. The people galloped after him. He said, "Do not be concerned. ]This horse] moves like the sea.' It could not be beaten after that day."

CXVII: Wages and riding animals in the way of Allah

Mujahid said, "I said to Ibn 'Umar, 'I want to go on expedition.' He said, 'I want to help you with some of my money.' I said, 'Allah has given me ample funds.' He said, 'Your wealth is yours, but I want that part of my money be used in this way.'"

'Umar said, "Some people took some of this money for doing jihad and then they do not do jihad. If someone does that, we are more entitled to that money so that we can reclaim from him what he took."

Tawus and Mujahid said, "When you are paid something to spend in the way of Allah, then do what you like and place it with your family."

2808. It is related that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "I provided a horse in the way of Allah and then I saw it being sold. I asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, 'Do not buy it. Do not take back your sadaqa.'"

2809. It is related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab provided a horse for the way of Allah and found it being sold. He wanted to buy it and asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, "Do not buy it. Do not take back your sadaqa."

2810. It is related that Abu Hurayra was heard to say, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Were it not that it would be hard on my community, I would never stay behind any expedition. But I cannot find riding animals nor I have not got the wherewithal to provide them with mounts, and it would distress me that they remain behind me. I would love to be fight in the way of Allah and be killed and then be brought to life, and then be killed and then be brought to life again." (Muwatta, Book 21, 40)

CXVIII: What is said about the banner of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace

2811. It is related from Tha'laba ibn Abi Malik al-Qurazi that when Qays ibn al-Ansari , who was the banner-bearer of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wanted to go on hajj, he combed his hair.

2812. It is related that Salama ibn al-Akwa' said, "Ali stayed behind the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, during Khaybar because he had something wrong with his eye. Then he said, 'Can I stay behind the Messenger of Allah!' So 'Ali set out and joined the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. On the evening of the night before the morning when it was conquered, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'I will give the banner - or it will be taken - tomorrow to a man whom Allah and his Messenger love or who loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah will give him victory.' Then 'Ali was with us although we were not expecting him. They said, 'This is 'Ali!' and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave it to him, and Allah gave him victory."

2813. It is related from Nafi' ibn Jubayr, "I heard al-'Abbas say to az-Zubayr, 'It is here that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commands you to fix the banner.'"

CXIX: Someone who is hired

Al-Hasan and Ibn Sirin said that the hireling receives a share of the booty. 'Atiyya ibn Qays took a horse for half of its share. The share of the horse reached four hundred dinars, so he took two hundred and gave its owner two hundred.

2814. It is related that Ya'la said, "I went on the expedition to Tabuk with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. I gave someone a young camel to ride, and I consider it to be the one of my best deeds. Then I hired a worker and he fought with a man, and one bit the other and he pulled his hand from his mouth and his tooth fell out. He went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who denied his claim and said, 'Would he give you his hand so that you could gnaw on it as a stallion gnaws?'"

CXX: The words of the Prophet, "I have been given help by means terror over a month's distmce," and His words, the Mighty and Exalted, "We will cast terror into the hearts of those who reject because of their attributing partners to Allah." (3:151)

2815. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I have been sent with comprehensive words and have been helped with terror. While I was asleep, I was given the keys to the treasures of the earth and they were placed in my hand." Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, has departed and you are extracting them."

2816. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that Abu Sufyan told him that Heraclius had sent for him while he was in Jerusalem, and then he called for the letter of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. When he finished reading the letter, there was a great uproar and voices were raised. I do not know what they said. We were turned out. "I said to my companions when we were brought out, "The business of Ibn Abi Kabsha has become so prominent that he alarms even the King of the Greeks."'

CXXI: Carrying provision in expeditions

The words of Allah Almighty, "Take provision but the best provision is fear of Allah."(2:197)

2817. It is related that Asma' said, "I prepared the journey provisions for the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in Abu Bakr's house when he wanted to emigrate to Madina." She said, "I did not find anything with which to tie the food for the journey or the water-skin, so I said to Abu Bakr, 'By Allah, I do not find anything with which to tie it except my belt.' He said, 'Cut it in half and tie the waterskin with one half and the food with the other.' I did that and that is why I was called, 'she with two belts.'"

2818. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah was heard to say, "In the time of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,we used to take provision to Madina from the meat of the sacrifices."

2819. It is related that Suwayd ibn an-Nu'man reported that he went out with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the year of Khaybar until they reached as-Sabha', which is the lower part of Khaybar. They prayed 'Asr and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called for food and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was only brought sawiq. "We chewed, ate and drank. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, got up and rinsed out his mouth and we rinsed our mouths, and then we prayed."

2820. It is related that Salama said, "The provisions of the people were reduced and they were in want. They went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about slaughtering their camels, and he gave them permission. 'Umar met them and they told him. He said, 'How will you survive without your camels?' He went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah, how will they survive without their camels?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Summon the people to bring what remains of their provision.' He made supplication and asked for blessing for it. Then he called on them to bring their vessels and the people took food until they finished. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'I testify that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah.'"

CXXII: Carrying provision on one's shoulder.

2821. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "Three hundred of us went out and I was one of them, carrying our provisions on our shoulders. Our provisions were exhausted until a man among us would eat one date every day." A man said, "Abu 'Abdullah, how can a single date satisfy a man?" He said, "We felt its absence when it was finished, until we reached the sea and there was a fish that the sea had cast up. We ate what we wanted of it for eighteen days."

CXXIII: A woman riding behind her brother

2822. It is related that 'A'isha said, "Messenger of Allah, your Companions are returning with the reward of 'umra and hajj but I am only returning with hajj." He said to her, "Go, and 'Abdu'r-Rahman should let you ride behind him." He commanded 'Abdu'r-Rahman to take her to perform 'umra from at-Tan'im. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, waited for her at the upper part of Makka until she arrived.

2823. It is related that 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr as-Siddiq said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded me to let 'A'isha ride behind me and to let her do 'umra from at-Tan'im.

CXXIV: Riding behind someone on an expedition and for hajj

2824. It is related that Anas said, "I rode behind Abu Talha, and they were shoutingtalbiya for both hajj and 'umra."

CXXV: Riding behing on a donkey

2825. It is related from Usama ibn Zayd that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, rode on a donkey which had a saddle covered by a velvet cloth and he had Usama ride behind him.

2826. It is related from 'Abdullah that on the Day of the Conquest, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, advanced from the upper part of Makka on his camel, with Usama ibn Zayd riding behind him. Bilal was with him, as was 'Uthman ibn Abi Talha, one of the custodians of the Ka'ba. He made it kneel in the mosque and commanded him to bring the key of the House. He opened it and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered with Usama, Bilal and 'Uthman. He remained there for a long time and then came out. Then people rushed and 'Abdullah ibn'Umar was the first to enter. He found Bilal standing behind the door. He asked him, "Where did the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, pray?" He pointed out to him the place where he had prayed. 'Abdullah said, "I forgot to ask him how many rak'ats he had prayed."

CXXVI: The one who holds someone's stirrup and its like

2827. It is related that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Sadaqa is owed by every limb people have. Every day on which the sun rises in which someone establishes justice between two people issadaqa. To help a man with his animal and help him onto it is sadaqa. Or to lift his goods onto it is sadaqa. A good word is sadaqa. Every step you take to the prayer is sadaqa. Removing an obstacle from the road is sadaqa."

CXXVII: The dislike of travelling with copies of the Qur'an to enemy territory

That is how it is related from Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Ibn Ishaq corroborated it from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his Companions travelled in enemy territory and they knew the Qur'an.

2828. It is related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar £ that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade travelling with the Qur'an to enemy territory."

CXXVIII: The takbir in war

2829. It is related that Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, reached Khaybar in the morning and they had come out with their spades on their shoulders. When they saw him, they said, 'This is Muhammad and the army! Muhammad and the army!' They took refuge in their fortress. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, raised his hands and said, 'Allah is greater! Khaybar is ruined. When we alight in the courtyard of a people, it is an evil morning for those who have been warned!' We found some donkeys and cooked them. Then the announcer of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, announced, 'Allah and His Messenger have forbidden you the meat of donkeys!' so the pots were overturned with what was in them."

'Ali corroborated it from Sufyan, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,  raised his hands."

CXXIX: What is disliked of raising the voice in the takbir

2830. It is related that Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said, ""We were with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and whenever we climbed up above a valley, we would say, 'There is no god but Allah and Allah is greater" with our voices raised. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'O people! Be kind to yourselves! You are not calling someone who is deaf or absent. He is with you, near and hearing.'"

CXXX: Saying "Subhanallah" when one descends into a valley

2831. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "When we went up, we said 'Allah is great,' and when we went down, we said 'Glory be to Allah.'"

CXXXI: The takbir when someone goes up a hilltop

2832. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "When we went up a slope, we would say, 'Allah is great,' and when we descended, we would say, 'Glory be to Allah.'"

2833. It is related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned from hajj or 'umra, - and I do not know whether he said "a raiding party" - he would say the takbir three times whenever he went up a mountain path or high wasteland. Then he would say, 'There is no god but Allah alone with no partner. His is the kingdom and His the praise. He has power over everything. [We are] returning, repenting, worshipping, prostrating to our Lord, in praise. Allah has been true to His promise and helped His slave and alone defeated the Confederates.'"

Salih said, "I asked him, 'Did 'Abdullah not say, "Allah willing"?'" He answered, "No."

CXXXII: The traveller has written for him the like of what he would do if he were at home

2834. It is related that Ibrahim Anu Isma'il as-Saksaki said, "I heard Abu Burda say to Yazid ibn Abi Kabsha, whom he accompanied on a journey and who used to fast during the journey, 'I heard Abu Musa say many times that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When a slave of Allah is ill or travelling, the same is written for him as what he would normally do if he were healthy and at home."'"'

CXXXIII: Travelling alone

2835. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah was heard to say, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked for someone from the people on the Day of the Ditch. Az-Zubayr volunteered. Then he asked for someone from them and az-Zubayr volunteered. Then he asked for someone from them and az-Zubayr volunteered. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Every Prophet has disciples. My disciple is az-Zubayr.'"

Sufyan said that hawârî is helper.

2836. It is related from Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If people knew what I knew about being alone, no rider would travel alone at night."

CXXXIV: Haste in travelling

Abu Humayd said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I am hurrying back to Madina so anyone who wants to come with me should make haste."

2837. It is related that Usama ibn Zayd was asked about the travelling of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the Farewell Hajj . He said, "He travelled at a medium pace and when he found a gap, he would go faster." Nass is faster than 'anaq.

2838. It is related that Aslam said, "I was with 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar on the Makka road when news reached him that Safiyya bint Abi 'Ubayd was severely ill. He travelled quicker until it was after the twilight has set and then he alighted and prayed Maghriband 'Isha' together. He said, 'When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was in a hurry on a journey, I saw him delay Maghrib and join the two together.'"

2839. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Travelling is a form of punishment. It deprives a person of his food and drink and sleep. When he finishes what he has to do, he should hurry back to his family."

CXXXV: When someone provides a horse [in the way of Allah] and then sees it being sold

2840. It is related from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab provided a horse for the way of Allah and found it being sold. He wanted to buy it and asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, "Do not buy it. Do not take back your sadaqa."

2841. It is related that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "I gave away (a mount) a horse in the Way of Allah and the person who had it sold it or did not look after it properly. I wanted to buy it back and thought that he would sell it cheaply. I asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, 'Do not buy it nor take back your sadaqaeven if he were to give it to you for a dirham. The one who takes back his sadaqa is like the one who swallows his own vomit.'"

CXXXVI: Jihad is with the permission of parents

2842. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr said, "A man came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and asked his permission to go on jihad. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked, 'Are your parents alive?' He replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'Then strive in caring for them.'"

CXXXVII: What is said about bells and their like around the necks of camels

2843. It is related that Abu Bashir al-Ansari reported that he was with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on one of his journeys. 'Abdullah said, "I think that he said, 'And the people were where they were spending the night.'" "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent a messenger says, 'Do not let any necklace of string - or any necklace - remain around a camel's neck. Cut it.'"

CXXXVIII: When someone is written down for an army and then his wife goes out on hajj, does he have an excuse and can he be excused?

2844. It is related from Ibn 'Abbas that he heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "A man should not be alone with a woman, nor should a woman travel except with a dhu mahram." A man stood up and said, "Messenger of Allah, I have been written down for such-and-such an expedition and my wife has gone out on hajj." He said. "Go and make hajj with your wife."

CXXXIX: Spies

The words of Allah Almighty, "Do not take My enemy and your enemy as friends."(60:1) Spying is investigating.

2845. It is related that 'Ubaydullah ibn Abi Rafi' said, "I heard 'Ali say, 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me, az-Zubayr and al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad out, saying, "Go until you reach the meadow Khakh. There will be a woman in a howdah with a letter. Take it from her." We went out and made our horses gallop until we reached the meadow and found was the woman. We said, "Produce the letter." She answered, "I do not have a letter." We said, "You will bring out the letter or we will take off your clothes." She removed it out from her plaided hair. We took it to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and it contained something from Hatib ibn Abi Balta'a to some people of the idolaters of the people of Makka, informing them about some of the business of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "O Hatib, what is this?" He replied, "O Messenger of Allah, do not be hasty with me. I am a man with close connections to the Quraysh, but I was not one of them while those of the Muhajirun with you have relatives in Makka who will protect their family and property. Since I lacked that lineage among them, I wanted to have some favour with them with which to protect my relatives. I did not do it out of disbelief or apostasy, nor out of being pleased with disbelief after Islam." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "He has told you the truth." 'Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah, let me strike off the head of this hypocrite!" He answered, "He was present at Badr and what will inform you? Perhaps Allah looked down on the people of Badr and said, 'Do what you like. I have forgiven you.'"'"

Sufyan said, "What greater isnad is there than this?"

CXL: Clothing prisoners of war

2846. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "On the day of Badr, the prisoners of war were brought, including al-'Abbas who had no clothes. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, looked for a shirt for him and they found the shirt of 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy would fit him. So the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, clothed him in it and that was why the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took off his shirt which he put on him." Ibn 'Uyayna said, "He had done the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, a favour and he wanted to recompense him."

CXLI: The excellence of the one at whose hands a man becomes Muslim

2847. It is related that Sahl, i.e. ibn Sa'd, reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said on the Day of Khaybar, "I will give the banner to a man at whose hands Allah will conquer. He loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah and His Messenger love him." They spend the night wondering to whom it would be given, and in the morning all of them were hoping for it. He asked, "Where is 'Ali?" He was told, "He has something wrong with his eyes." He spat in his eyes and made supplication for him, and it was healed as if there had not been anything wrong with it. He gave it to him and he said, "Shall I will fight them until they are like us?" He said, "Go easy until you arrive in their quarter and then invite them to Islam and tell them what is incumbent for them. By Allah, that one man be guided by you is better for you than having than red camels."

CXLII: Prisoners of war in chains

2848. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah is delighted at a people who enter the Garden in chains."

CXLIII: The excellence of those of the People of the Book who become Muslim

2849. It is related from the father of Abu Burda that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Three will be given their reward twice over: a man who has a slavegirl and teaches her and does it well and teaches her manners and does it well and then sets her free and marries her. He will have two rewards. A believer among the People of the Book who was a believer and then believed in hte Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He will have two rewards. The slave who performs the right of Allah and then advises his Master."

Then ash-Sha'bi said, "I give it to you for nothing, and a man travelled to Madina for less than this."

CXLIV: The ruling about attacking the people of the Abode of War at night and thus striking infants and children

"Bayantan" (7:4) means "at night". "We fall on him at night," (27:49) means "in the night", and 'bayyata" (4:81) means "at night".

2850. It is related that as-Sa'b ibn Jaththama said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by me at al-Abwa' or Waddan, and he was asked about attacking the idolaters of the people of the Abode of War at night when one might strike their women and children. He said, 'They are part of them.' I heard him say, 'There is nohima (protected land) except that of Allah Almighty and His Messenger.'"

It is related Ibn 'Abbas that as-Sa'b related about the children... [more isnad] From Ibn 'Abbas from as-Sa'b that he said, "They are part of them," and he did not say as 'Amr did, "They are from their fathers."

CXLV: Killing children in war

2851. It is related that 'Abdullah reported that a woman was found slain in one of the expeditions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, expressed his disapproval of killing women and children.

CXLVI: Killing women in war

2852. It is related that 'Abdullah reported that a woman was found slain in one of the expeditions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade of killing women and children. (Muwatta, Book 21, 9)

CXLVII: One does not punish with Allah's punishment

2853. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent us out on an expedition and said, 'If you find so-and-so and so-and-so, then burn them with fire.' When we wanted to leave, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'I ordered you to burn so-and-so and so-and-so with fire. Only Allah punishes by fire. If you find them, kill them.'"

2854. It is related from 'Ikrima that 'Ali burnt some people and that reached Ibn 'Abbas who said, "If it had been me, I would not have burned them because the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Do not punish with Allah's punishment.' I would have killed them as the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'If someone changes his religion, kill him.'" (Muwatta, Book 21, 15)

CXLVIII: "Then either set them free or ransom them." (47:4)

It contains the hadith of Thumama. [see 450]

His words, the Mighty and Exalted, "It is not fitting for a Prophet to take captives until he has let much blood in the land. You desire the goods of this world, whereas Allah desires the Next World. Allah is Almighty, All-Wise." (8:68)

CXLIX: Can the [Muslim] captive kill or trick those who have captured him so that he can save himself from the unbelievers?

In it is al-Miswar from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. {see 2581]

CL: If an idolater burns a Muslim, should he be burned?

2855. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that a group of eight men from 'Ukl came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and became ill due to the climate of Madina. They said, "Messenger of Allah, give us some milk." He said, "I only think that you should join the herd." So they went and drink their urine and milk until they were cured and fat, and then they killed the herdsman and drove away the camels and rejected after their Islam. The cry for help reached the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he sent people to pursue them. The sun was not yet high when they were brought. He ordered that their hands and feet cut off and nails were driven in their eyes and they were cast out into al-Harra'. They asked for water but none was given to them until they died.

Abu Qilaba said, "They murdered and stole and and fought against Allah and His Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and strived to work corruption in the land."

2856. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'An ant bit one of the Prophets and he commanded that the ant colony be burned. Allah revealed to him, "One ant bit you and you burned one of the communities that glory Allah?"'"

CLI: Burning houses and palm-trees

2857. It is related that Qays ibn Abi Hazim said, "Jarir said to me, 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me, "Will you not relieve me of Dhu'l-Khalasa?"' which was a house of Khath'am which was called the Yamani Ka'ba. 'I set out with one hundred and fifty horsemen from Ahmas. They are good horsemen. I could not sit firm on a horse and he (the Prophet) struck me in my chest so that I saw the marks of his fingers on my chest. He said, "O Allah, make him firm and make him a guided guide."' He went to it and broke it up and burnt it. Then he sent the news to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Jarir's messenger said, 'By the One who sent you with the truth, I did not come to you until I left it as if it was an emaciated - or scabby - camel.' He said, 'May Allah bless the horses and riders of Ahmas' five times."

2858. It is related that Ibn 'Umar said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, burned the palm-trees of the Banu'n-Nadir."

CLII: Killing a sleeping idolater

2859. It is related that al-Bara' ibn 'Azib said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent a group of the Ansar to Abu Rafi' to kill him. One of their men entered their fortress. He said, 'I went into a corral for their animals. They closed the gate of the fortress and then they missed one of their donkeys and went out to look for it. I went out with those who went out, giving the appearance that I was looking for it with them. They found the donkey and went in and I went in as well. They shut the gate of the fortress at night and they put the keys in a small window where I could see them. When they went to sleep. I took the keys and opened the gate of the fortress. Then I went in to him and said, "Abu Rafi'." He answered me and I made for the voice and struck him. He shouted and I went out and came back and then I repeated it as if I was going to help him, "Abu Rafi'", and I altered my voice. He said, "What do you want, woe to your mother?" I said, "What has happened to you?" He said, "I do not know who came to me and struck me."' He said, 'I placed my sword on his belly and then pushed on it until it hit the bone. Then I went out in confusion and came to a ladder of theirs so that I could use it to get down, but I fell and sprained my foot. I went out to my companions and said, 'I will not leave until I hear his death announced.' I did not leave until I heard them announcing the death of Abu Rafi', the merchant of the Hijaz.' He said, 'I got up without anything wrong with me until we went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and informed him.'"

2860. It is related that al-Bara' ibn 'Azib said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent a group of the Ansar to Abu Rafi' and 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik went into his house at night and killed him while he was asleep."

CLIII: Do not be eager to meet the enemy

2861. It is related that Salim Abu'n-Nadr, the client of 'Umar ibn 'Ubadyullah, who was his scribe, said, "'Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa wrote to us when we went out to al-Haruriyya and I read it: 'During one of his battles in which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, met the enemy, he waited until the sun declined and then stood up to address the people and said, "O people! Do not be too eager to meet the enemy and ask Allah for well-being. When you do meet them, be steadfast. Know that the Garden lies under the shadow of the swords." Then he said, "O Allah, Sender-down of the Book and Mover of the clouds and Vanquisher of the Confederates, defeat them and help us against them!"'"

2862. It is related that Salim Abu'n-Nadir said, "I was the scribe of 'Umar ibn 'Ubaydullah whenthe letter of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa came to him saying that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,had said, 'Do not be too eager to meet the enemy.'"

2863. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not be too eager to meet the enemy. When you do meet them, be steadfast."

CLIV: War is deception

2864. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Chosroes will be destroyed and there will be no Chosroes after him. Caesar will be come to destruction and there will be no Caesar after him. You will divide their treasures in the way of Allah." He called war deception.

2865. It is related from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called war deception.

2866. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah was heard to say that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "War is deception."

CLV: Lying in war

2867. It is related that Jabir was heard to say that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Who will deal with Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf? He has insulted Allah and His Messenger." Muhammad ibn Maslama said, "Do you want me to kill him, Messenger of Allah?" He replied, "Yes." He went to him and said, "This one - meaning the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, - has imposed on us and asked us for sadaqa." He said, "As well. By Allah, you will be tired of him." He said, "We have followed him and we dislike to leave him until we see where his affair will end." He continued speaking to him until he was able to kill him.

CLVI: Assassinating the people of war

2868. It is related from Jabir that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Who will deal with Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf?" Muhammad ibn Maslama asked, "Do you want me to kill him?" He answered, "Yes." He said, "Then give me permission to speak." He said, "I have done it."

CLVII: Stratagems and caution which are permitted in the case of someone whose mischief is feared

2869. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "'Umar went with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with a group which included Ubayy ibn Ka'b to visit Ibn Sayyad. He was told that he was in some palm-trees. When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went into him in the palm-trees, he began to conceal himself behind the trunks of the palms while Ibn Sayyad was covered by a sheet from which was coming a murmuring sound. The mother of Ibn Sayyad saw the Messenger of Allah,, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said to Ibn Sayyad, 'Saf! Muhammad is here.' So Ibn Sayyad got up. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'If she had left him, it would have been clear.'"

CLVIII: Rhythmic poetry (rajaz) during war and raising the voices while digging the Ditch

In it are Sahl and Anas from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. (see 2679, 3586]

In it is Yazid ibn Salama. [see 3960]

2870. It is related that al-Bara' said, "I saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the Day of the Ditch moving dirt until the dirt covered the hair of his chest. He was a man with a lot of hair. He was reciting the rajaz poetry of 'Abdullah ibn Rawaha:

'If it had not been for You, we would not have been guided 
nor given sadaqa nor fasted, 
So send down tranquility on us 
and make our feet firm when we meet [the enemy]. 
Those have wronged us, 
but we refuse if they desire to tempt us.'

He raised his voice with them."

CLIX: The one who could not sit firmly on a horse

2871. It is related that Jarir said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, always allowed me to enter from the time when I became Muslim, and whenever he saw me, he greeted me with a smile. I complained to him that I could not sit firmly on a horse and he struck me with his hand on my chest and said, 'O Allah, make him firm and make him a guided guide.'"

CLX: Treating the wound by burning a mat, and a woman washing the blood off her father's face, and carrying water in a shield

2872. It is related that Abu Hazim said, "The people asked Sahl ibn Sa'd as-Sa'idi, 'What was used to treat the wound of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace*?' Sahl replied, 'There is no one left alive who knows better than I. 'Ali used to bring water in his shield and she - i.e. Fatima - used to wash the blood from his face. A straw mat was taken and burnt and the wound filled with it.'"

CLXI: What is disliked of quarrelling and disagreements in war, and the punishment of the one who disobeys hisIimam

Allah Almighty says, "Do not quarrel among yourselves lest you lose heart and your momentum (rih) disappear." (8:46)

Qatada said that rih means war.

2873. It is related from the father of Abu Burda that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent Mu'adh and Abu Musa to Yemen and said, "Be easy and do not be harsh. Cheer people and do not make them averse. Love one another and do not differ."

2874. It is related that al-Bara' ibn 'Azib was heard to say, "On the Day of Uhud, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, put 'Abdullah ibn Jubayr in charge of the infantry - and they were fifty men. He said, 'Even if you see birds snatching us away, do not leave this position of yours until I sent to you. Even if you see that we have defeated the people and made them retreat, do not leave this position of yours until I sent to you.' They defeated them and, by Allah, I saw the women running with their anklets and their legs showing, garments raised. The companions of 'Abdullah ibn Jubayr said, 'Booty, o people! Booty! Your companions are victorious! Why are you waiting?' 'Abdullah ibn Jubayr said, 'Have you forgotten what the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, told you?' They said, 'By Allah, we will go to the people and get our share of the booty.' When they went to them, things were reversed and they turned in defeat. At that time the Messenger was calling them from the rear. Only twelve men remained with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and seventy of us were struck down. On the day of Badr, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his Companions had struck down one hundred and forty of the idolaters - seventy were captured and seventy were killed. Abu Sufyan demanded, 'Is Muhammad among the people?' three times. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade them to answer him. Then he said, 'Is the son of Abu Quhafa among the people?' three times. Then he said, 'Is the son of al-Khattab among the people?' Then he returned to his companions and said, 'Those have been killed.' 'Umar could not restrain himself and said, 'By Allah, you have lied, enemy of Allah! All of those you numbered are among the living! That which will vex you remains!' He said, 'A day which is in return for the day of Badr. Victory in war goes in turns. You will find some of the people mutilated. I did not order it, but it does not vex me.' Then he began to recite, 'Hubal be high! Hubal be high!' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said, 'Why do you not answer him?' They said, 'Messenger of Allah, what shall we say?' He said, 'Say: "Allah is Higher and More Majestic."' Abu Sufyan said, 'We have al-'Uzza and you have no 'Uzza!' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Why do you not answer him?' They asked, 'Messenger of Allah, what shall we say?' He said, 'Say: "Allah is our Protector and you have no protector."'"

CLXII: When there is an alarm at night

2875. It is related that Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was the best of people, the most generous of people, and the bravest of people." He said, "One night the people of Madina were alarmed and heard a sound. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, met them riding a horse belonging to Abu Talha without a saddle and with a sword on his shoulder. He said, 'Do not be alarmed. Do not be alarmed.' Then he said, 'We found it like the sea,' meaning the horse."

CLXIII: The one who sees the enemy and calls out in his loudest voice, "O Companions!" until the people hear

2876. It is related that Salama said, "I went out from Madina, going towards al-Ghaba until I was at the mountain pass of al-Ghaba where I met a slave of 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn 'Awf. I said to him, 'Woe to you! What are you doing?' He said, 'The milk camels of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, have been taken!' I asked, 'Who took them?' He replied, 'Ghatafan and Fazara.' I gave three shouts so that whatever is between the two lava fields heard me, 'O companions! O companions!' Then I rushed on until I caught up to them after they had taken the camels. I began to shoot at them, saying:

"'I am the son of al-Akwa' 
and today is a day when the blameworthy perish!'

"So I rescued the camels from them before they could drink and returned driving them. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, met me and I said, 'O Messenger of Allah. Those people are thirsty and I have driven off before they could they could drink, so send after them.' He said, 'O son of al-Akwa'! You have been given power, so be kind. Those people are now being entertained among their people.'"

CLXIV: The one who said, "Take it! I am the son of so-and-so!"

Salama said, "Take it! I am the son of al-Akwa'!"

2877. It is related that a man asked al-Bara' ibn 'Azib, "O Abu 'Umara! Did you turn in flight on the Day of Hunayn?" He said, "No, by Allah, the Messenger of Allah did not turn in flight. Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith was holding his mule's rein and when the idolaters encircled him, he dismounted and began to say, 'I am the Prophet and it is no lie. I am the son of 'Abdu'l-Muttalib.'" He said, "On that day there was no one seen who was braver than him."

CLXV: When the enemy agrees to a Muslim man's judgement

2878. It is related that Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said, "When the Banu Qurayza agreed to the judgement of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent for him, and he was near him. He came on a donket. When he approached, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Rise for your chief.' He came and sat beside the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said to him, 'These people have agreed to your judgement." He said, 'Then I judge that the fighters be killed and the women and children taken captive.' He said, 'You have given the judgement of the King regarding them.'"

CLXVI: Killing a prisoner and killing someone detained

2879. It is related from Anas ibn Malik, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered Makka in the year of the Conquest with a helmet on his head. When he removed it, a man came and said, 'Ibn Khatal is holding onto the cover of the Ka'ba.' He said, 'Kill him.'" (see 1749)

CLXVII: Can someone offer to be taken captive, and the one who did not offer to be taken captive? The one who prayed two rak'ats before being killed

2880. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent out ten men on a scouting expedition and put 'Asim ibn Thabit al-Ansari, the grandfather of 'Asim ibn 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, in command of them. They proceeded until they reached Had'a, which is located between 'Usfan and Makka. Their presence was reported to a branch of Hudhayl called the Banu Lihyan. About a hundred men, who were all archers, set out after them. They followed their tracks until they found where they had eaten dates which they had taken as provision from Madina. They said, 'These are the dates of Yathrib,' and they followed their tracks.

"When 'Asim and his companions perceived them, they took cover in a high place. The people surrounded them and said, 'Come down and give yourselves up! You have protection and assurance that we will not kill any of you!' 'Asim ibn Thabit, the commander of the expedition, said, 'O people! As for me, I will not come down into the protection of an unbeliever! O Allah, inform Your Prophet about us!' They shot at them with arrows and killed seven of them, including 'Asim. A group of three came down, accepting the offer of protection and security. They included Khubayb al-Ansari, Zayd ibn Dathina, and another man. When they had them in their power, they undid their bow-strings and tied them up. Then the third man said, 'This is the beginning of treachery! By Allah, I will not accompany you! There is a good example in these!' i.e. those who had been killed. They dragged him and tried to persuade him to accompany them. He refused, so they killed him. They took Khubayb and Zayd ibn Dathina and sold them in Makka after the Battle of Badr.

"The sons of al-Harith ibn 'Amir ibn Nawfal ibn 'Abdu Manaf purchased Khubayb. Khubayb was the man who had killed al-Harith in the Battle of Badr. So Khubayb remained a prisoner with them ."

'Ubaydullah ibn 'Iyad reported that the daughter of al-Harith reported that when they gathered, he asked to borrow a razor from her with which to shave his private parts and she lent it to him. "He took a son of mine who had gone to him when I was inattentive." She said, "I found him sitting on his thigh and the razor was in his hand. I was so alarmed that Khubayb noticed it in my face and he asked, 'Are you afraid that I will kill him? I would never do that.' By Allah, I never saw a better prisoner than Khubayb. By Allah, one day I found him eating from a bunch of grapes he had in his hand, when he was shackled in irons and there was no fruit in Makka.' She used to say, 'It was provision from Allah which He gave to Khubayb.' When they brought him out of the Haram to kill him in profane land, Khubayb said to them, 'Let me pray two rak'ats.' They let him pray two rak'ats. Then he said, 'By Allah, were it not that you might think that I was afraid, I would have made them longer. O Allah, reckon them one by one, every one of them!' He then said:

'I do not care what manner death I die 
if I am slain as a Muslim! 
That is for the sake of Allah, and if He wills, 
He can bless the joints of a torn limb!'"

"Then the son of al-Harith killed him. So it was Khubayb who set the sunna for every Muslim man who is killed in detention to pray two rak'ats. Allah answered the supplication of 'Asim ibn Thabit on the day he was struck down and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, informed his Companions about them on the day they fell. When they were informed that 'Asim ibn Thabit had been killed, some of the unbelievers of Quraysh were sent to bring part of him that could be recognised. He had killed one of their great men on the Day of Badr. Allah sent over 'Asim a swarm of bees like a cloud and it protected him from their messenger and they could not cut off any part of his flesh."

CLXVIII: Freeing prisoners

In it is from Abu Musa from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

2881. It is related that Abu Musa said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Free the captives, i.e. prisoner, feed the hungry, and visit the sick."

2882. It is related that Abu Juhayfa said, "I asked 'Ali, 'Do you have any of the revelation other than what is in the Book of Allah?' He answered, 'By the One who splits the grain and creates the soul, I do not know it other than as understanding which Allah gives to a man in the Qur'an, and what is in this booklet.' I asked, 'What is in this booklet?' He replied, 'The blood-wit, the ransom of captives and that a Muslim is not to be killed in retaliation for an unbeliever.'"

CLIX: Ransoming idolaters

2883. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that some men of the Ansar asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for permission and said, "Messenger of Allah, allow us to forgo the ransom of our nephew 'Abbas." He said, "Do not forgo even a single dirham of it."

2884. It is related that Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was brought some goods from Bahrayn and al-'Abbas came to him and said, 'Messenger of Allah, give some to me, for I ransomed myself and 'Aqil.' He said to him, 'Take some,' and he gave to him in his garment." (see 411)

2885. It is related from Jubayr, who was taken among the captives of Badr, "I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, reciting at-Tur in Maghrib."

CLXX: When a belligerent enters the abode of Islam without safe conduct

2886. It is related that Salama ibn al-Akwa' said, "A spy from the idolaters came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was on a journey. He sat talking with his Companions and then left. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Go after him and kill him.'" So he [Salama] killed him and the Prophet gave him his belongings.

CLXXI: One should fight to defend the people of the dhimma and they are not to be enslaved

2887. It is related that 'Amr ibn Maymun said that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "I order him to fulfil the contract of the dhimma of Allah and the dhimma of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and to fight for them and not to burden them with more than they can bear."

CLXXII: The presents of delegations. Can one interceded for the people of the dhimmaand dealing with them?

2888. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "Thursday! What was Thursday!" Then he wept until his tears made the pebbles wet. He said, "On Thursday the pain of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became intense and he said, 'Bring me some sheets so that I may write a document for you after which you will never go astray." They quarrelled, and there should be no quarrelling in the presence of a Prophet, and they said, 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is delirious.' He said, 'Leave me, for that which I am in is better than that to which you call me.' When he was dying, he gave three instructions: 'Expel the idolaters from the Arabian peninsula, give presents to the delegations as you have seen me giving them presents,' and I forgot the third."

Ya'qub ibn Muhammad said, "I asked al-Mughira ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman about the Arabian peninsula, and he said, "Makka, Madina, Yamana and Yemen.'" Ya'qub said, "Al-'Arj is the beginning of Tihama."

CLXXIII: Beautifying oneself for delegations

2889. It is related that Ibn 'Umar said, "'Umar found a silk robe which was being sold in the market and brought it to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He said, 'Messenger of Allah, buy this robe and you can dress yourself up with it for 'ids and delegations.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'This is the garment of one who has no share' or 'This will only be worn by someone who has no share of the Next World.' As long as Allah willed later, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent a brocade robe to him and 'Umar brought it to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah! You said, "This is the garment of one who has no share" or "This will only be worn by someone who has no share of the Next World" and then you send me this!' He said, 'You are to sell it or get what you need with it.'"

CLXXIV: How to offer Islam to a child

2890. It is related that Ibn 'Umar said, "'Umar went with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with a group of the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to visit Ibn Sayyad. They found him playing with some children in the hills of Banu Maghala. Ibn Sayyad, who was approaching puberty, did not notice them until the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, patted him with the back of his hand and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Do you testify that I am the Messenger of Allah?' Ibn Sayyad looked at him and said, 'I testify that you are the Messenger of the unlettered.' Ibn Sayyad said to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, 'Do you testify that I am the Messenger of Allah?' He refuted it and said, 'I have believed in Allah and His Messengers.' Then he said to him, What do you think?' Ibn Sayyad said, 'Both truthful people and liars come to me.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'You are in a state of confusion.' the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, 'I am concealing something from you.' Ibn Sayyad said, 'It is just smoke.' He said, 'Shame on you! Do not go too far.' 'Umar said, 'Messenger of Allah, give me permission to cut his head off?' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'If it is him, you will not be able to get the better of him. If it is not him, there is no point in killing him.'"

2891. Ibn 'Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and Ubayy ibn Ka'b went to the palm-grove where Ibn Sayyad was staying and entered the palm-trees and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began to conceal himself behind the trunks of the palm-trees. He wanted to hear something from Ibn Sayyad without Ibn Sayyad seeing him. Ibn Sayyad was lying down, covered by a sheet from which was coming a murmuring sound. The mother of Ibn Sayyad saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, concealing himself among the palm trunks and she said to Ibn Sayyad, 'Saf! (which was a name of Ibn Sayyad).' So Ibn Sayyad got up. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'If she had left him, it would have been clear.'"

2892. It is related that Ibn 'Umar said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood up among the people and praised Allah as He deserves and then he mentioned the Dajjal and said, 'I warn you about him, and there is no Prophet who did not warn his people about him. Nuh warned his people about him, but I will say something to you which no Prophet has said to his people. You should know that he is one-eyed and that Allah is not one-eyed.'"

CLXXV: The words of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to the Jews, "Become Muslim and you will be safe."

Al-Maqburi reported it from Abu Hurayra.(see 2996)

CLXXVI: When some people in the Abode of War become Muslims and possess property and lands, their property belongs to them

2893. It is related that Usama ibn Zayd said, "I said during the hajj, 'Messenger of Allah, where will you stay tomorrow?' He asked, 'Did 'Aqil leave a house?' Then he said, 'Tomorrow we will stay at the valley of Banu Kinana, i.e. al-Muhassab, where Quraysh took an oath on rejection.' That was when the Banu Kinana formed an alliance with Quraysh against the Banu Hashim agreeing not to do business with them nor give them shelter."

Az-Zuhri said that khayf means valley.

2894. It is related from Aslam that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab appointed a client of his called Hunayy over the hima preserve. He said, "Hunayy! Be gentle to the Muslims and fear the supplication of the wronged, for the supplication of the wronged is answered. Let the one who has few camels and the owner of sheep enter. Beware of the herds of Ibn 'Awf and the herds of Ibn 'Affan. Even if their livestock were to die, they can resort to palm-trees and crops. If the one who has few camels and the owner of sheep were to have their flocks perish, they would bring their sons to me and say, 'O Amir al-Mu'minin!' Could I neglect them? No, may you be fatherless! So water and herbage are easier for me than gold and silver. By Allah, they think that I have wronged them. This is their land, and they fought for it in the Jahiliyya and they became Muslim while they had it. By the One in whose hand my soul is, were it not for the animals which I provide to be ridden in the way of Allah, I would not have made a handspan of their land into a preserve."

CLXXVII: The ruler writing down the people

2895. It is related that Hudhayfa said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Write down for me the people who have pronounced Islam.' So we wrote down for him for him one thousand five hundred men. We said, "Should we fear when we are one thousand five hundred?" We saw ourselves being tried until the man praying alone would be fearful."

It is related that al-A'mash said, "We found them to be five hundred." Abu Mu'awiya said, "Between six hundred and seven hundred."

2896. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "A man came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah, I have been written down for such-and-such an expedition and my wife has gone out on hajj.' He said, 'Go and make hajj with your wife.'"

CLXXVIII: Allah may support the deen by an impious man

2897. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "We were present with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, at Khaybar and he said about a man who claimed to be a Muslim, 'This is one of the people of the Fire.' When the fighting occurred, the man fought fiercely and received a wound. It was said, 'Messenger of Allah, the one you said is one of the people of the Fire fought today fiercely and has died.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'To the Fire.'" He said, "Some people nearly doubted, but while they were like that, it was said, 'He has not died, but has a severe wound.' When night came, he could not endure the wound and he killed himself. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was informed about that and said, 'Prophet is greater! I testify that I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger.' Then he commanded Bilal to announce to the people, 'Only a Muslim soul will enter the Garden, and Allah might support this deen with an impious man.'"

CLXXIX: The one who took command in a battle without being appointed when ther is fear of the enemy

2898. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave a speech and said, 'Zayd took the standard and was struck down. Then Ja'far took it and was struck down. Then 'Abdullah ibn Rawaha took it and was struck down. Then Khalid ibn al-Walid took it without being appointed commander and was given victory. It would not make us happy - or he said, 'it would not make them happy' - to have them with us.'" He said, "He was weeping."

CLXXX: Supporting with reinforcements

2899. It is related that Anas said, "Ri'l, Dhakwan, 'Usayya and the Banu Lihyan came to the Prophet*, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and claimed that they had become Muslim and asked for him to reinforce them against their people. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, reinforced them with seventy of the Ansar." Anas said, "We used to call them the recitors. They would gather firewood in the day and pray at night. They went out with them until they reached Bi'r Ma'una, and then they betrayed them and killed them. The (Prophet) made supplication against Ri'l, Dhakwan and Banu Lihyan for a month."

Anas said, "They used to recite for them as Qur'an, 'Convey to our people that we have met our Lord and He is pleased with us and We are pleased' and then that was abrogated later."

CLXXXI: The one who defeated the enemy and remained in their region for three days

2900. From Abu Talha from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is that when he had victory over a people, he would remain in the area for three days.

It is corroborated from Qatada from Anas from Abu Talha from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

CLXXXII: The one who distributed booty in the expedition and the journey

Rafi' said, "We were with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, at Dhu'l-Hulayfa, and we obtained some booty and camels. He made ten sheep equal to one camel."

2901. It is related that Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made 'umra from al-Ji'rana where he distributed the booty of Hunayn."

CLXXXIII: When the idolaters take the property of a Muslim as booty and then the Muslim finds it

2902. It is related that Ibn 'Umar said that a horse of his ran off and the enemy had taken it. The Muslims then defeated the enemy and it was returned to him in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. A slave of his ran away and joined the Greeks and the Muslims defeated them and Khalid ibn al-Walid returned the slave to him after the death of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

2903. It is reported from Nafi' that a slave belonging to Ibn 'Umar joined the Greeks and then Khalid ibn al-Walid defeated them and returned him to 'Abdullah, and that a horse of Ibn 'Umar fled and joined the Greeks, and he defeated them and they returned it to 'Abdullah.

2904. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that he was on a horse on that day when the Muslims met [the enemy] which that day was under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid who had been sent out by Abu Bakr. The enemy took it and then when the enemy was defeated, Khalid returned the horse.

CLXXXIV: The one who speaks Persian or other than Arabic

The words if Allah Almighty, "The varieties of your languages and your colours,"(30:22) and "We have not sent a messenger except with the language of his people."(14:4)

2905. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah £said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, we have slaughtered a lamb of ours and ground a sa' of barley. Come with some people.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, shouted and said, 'O people of the ditch! Jabir has prepared a feast (sur), so come along!'"

[Sur is Persian for a feast.]

2906. It is related that Umm Khalid bint Khalid ibn Sa'd said, "I went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with my father wearing a yellow shirt. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Sanah! Sanah.' ('Abdullah said that it means "good" in Abyssinian.)" She said, "I began to play with the seal of prophethood and my father rebuked me. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Leave her.' Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Wear it until it is worn out and then replace it, and wear that until it is worn out and then replace it, and then wear that until it is worn out and then replace it.'" 'Abdullah said. "She lived until it became brown."

2907. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "Al-Husayn ibn 'Ali took a date from thesadaqa dates and put it in his mouth. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said in Persian, 'No, no! * Are you not aware that we do not eat sadaqa?'"

[* Kakh! Kakh!]

CLXXXV: Stealing from the booty

The words of Allah Almighty, "Those who misappropriate, will arrive on the Day of Rising with what they have misappropriated." (3:161)

2908. It is related that Abu Hurayra said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood up among us and mentioned stealing from the booty and said it was horrendous and its business was terrible. He said, 'I would not like to find any of you coming on the Day of Rising with a bleating sheep round his neck or a neighing horse around his neck, saying, "O Messenger of Allah! Help me!" I will say, "I can do nothing for you now. I conveyed the message." Nor someone with a complaining camel round his neck, saying, "O Messenger of Allah! Help me!" I will say, "I can do nothing for you now. I conveyed the message." Or someone with gold and silver on his neck, saying, "O Messenger of Allah! Help me!" I will say, "I can do nothing for you now. I conveyed the message." Or someone with rags fluttering on his neck, saying, "O Messenger of Allah! Help me!" I will say, "I can do nothing for you now. I conveyed the message."'"

Ayyub reported from Abu Hayyan, "A horse which is neighing."

CLXXXVI: A minor theft of the booty

'Abdullah ibn 'Amr did not mention from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he burned the culprit's goods. This is sounder.

2909. It is related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr said, "There was a man called Kirkara who used to look after the family and goods of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He died and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'He is in the Fire.' They went to look and found a cloak that he had stolen."

Abu 'Abdullah said that Ibn Salam said, "Karkara," and it is precisely like that.

CLXXXVII: What is disliked of slaughtering camels and sheep in the booty

2910. It is related that Rafi' ibn Khadij said, "We were with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, at Dhu'l-Hulayfa. The people were afflicted by hunger and seized some camels and sheep as booty." He said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was somewhat behind the people and they hurried and slaughtered and set up the pots. He ordered the pots to be upset and then divided it. Ten sheep were equal to a camel. One of the camels fled and there were few horses among the people and they went after it until they were exhausted. One of the men among them aimed an arrow at it and Allah stopped the camel. Then the Prophet said, 'Some of these animals are wild like wild animals. If you lose control over them, then do as this man did.'" My grandfather said, "We hope - or fear - that we may meet the enemy tomorrow and not have any knives. Can we slaughter with reeds?" He said, "Whatever makes the blood flow and eat it when the name of Allah has been mentioned over it. Do not [slaughter] with teeth or nails, and I will tell you about that. Teeth are bone and the nail is the knife of the Abyssinians.'"

CLXXXVIII: Good news of victories

2911. It is related that Qays said, "Jarir ibn 'Abdullah said to me, 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me, "Will you not relieve me from Dhu'l-Khalasa?"' which was a house where Khath'am was which was called the Yamani Ka'ba I set out with one hundred and fifty horsemen from Ahmas. They are good horsemen. I informed the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that I could not sit firm on a horse and he (the Prophet) struck me in my chest so that I saw the marks of his fingers on my chest. He said, "O Allah, make him firm and make him a guided guide."' He went to it and broke it up and burnt it. Then he sent the good news to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Jarir's messenger said, 'By the One who sent you with the truth, I did not come to you until I left it as if it was a scabby camel.' He said, 'May Allah bless the horses and riders of Ahmas' five times."

Musaddad said that it was a house in Khath'am.

CLXXXIX: What is given to the bringer of good news

Ka'b ibn Malik gave two garments when he was given the good news of repentance. (see 4156)

CXC: There is no emigration after the Conquest of Makka

2912. It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "On the day of the Conquest of Makka, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'There is no morehijra, but there is jihad and intention. When you are called to it then go."

2913. It is related that Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud said, "Mujashi' came with his brother, Mujalid ibn Mas'ud, to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'This is Mujalid  who will give you allegiance based on emigration.' He said, 'There is no emigration after the Conquest of Makka, but I will take his allegiance on Islam '"

2914. It is related that 'Ata' said, "I went with 'Ubayd ibn 'Umayr to 'A'isha while she was near Thabir. She said to us, 'Emigration has been cut off since Allah let his Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, conquer Makka.'"

CXCI: When a man is forced to look in the hair of the people of dhimma and believing women when they disobey Allah, and to strip them

2915. It is related from Sa'd ibn 'Ubayda that Abu 'Abdu'r-Rahman, a 'Uthman supporter, said to Ibn 'Atiyya, a 'Ali supporter, "I know what made your person bold enough to shed blood! I heard him say, 'The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me and az-Zubayr and said, "Go to a certain meadow and you will find a woman to whom Hatib has given a letter." We went to the meadow and said, "The letter!" She said, "He did not give me any." We said, "You will produce it or we will strip you," and she brought it out of her plaits. He sent for Hatib who said, "Do not be hasty. By Allah, I have not disbelieved nor been increased with anything but love for Islam. There is none of your Companions who does not have relatives in Makka by whom Allah defends their family and property. I have no one. I wanted to have a favour with them." The Prophet said that he spoke the truth, and 'Umar said, "Let me strike off his head! He is a hypocrite!" He said, "What will inform you? Perhaps Allah looked down on the people of Badr and said, 'Do what you like. I have forgiven you.'"' This is what made him bold."

CXCII: Meeting the fighters

2916. It is related from Ibn Abi Mulayka that Ibn az-Zubayr said to Ibn Ja'far, "Do you remember when we - me, you and Ibn 'Abbas - met the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?" He said, "Yes, and he let us ride and left you."

2917. It is related that as-Sa'ib ibn Yazid said, "We went to Thaniyat al-Wada' to meet the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with the children."

[On his return from Tabuk.]

CXCIII: What one says when one returns from an expedition

2918. It is related from 'Abdullah, "When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned, he would say the takbir three times. He would say, '[We are] returning, Allah willing, repenting, worshipping, praising, prostrating to our Lord. Allah has been true to His promise and helped His slave and alone defeated the Confederates.'"

2919. It is related that Anas ibn Malik said, "We were returning with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from 'Usfan, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was on his she-camel with Safiyya bint Huyayy riding behind him. The she-camel stumbled and both of them fell off. Abu Talha leapt down and said, 'Messenger of Allah! May Allah make me your ransom!' He said, 'See to the woman.' He wrapped a cloth over his face and went to her and threw it on her. Then he put their camel right and they rode. We were encircling the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. When we were overlooking Madina, he said, '[We are] returning, repenting, worshipping, praising our Lord.' He continued to say that until he entered Madina."

2920. It is related from Anas ibn Malik that he and Abu Talha came with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had Safiyya riding behind him on his she-camel. When they had gone part of the way, the she-camel stumbled and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his wife fell off. Abu Talha (he said, "I think he said.") leapt from his camel and came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, 'O Prophet of Allah! May Allah make me your ransom! Are you hurt at all?' He said, 'No, rather see to the woman.' So Abu Talha threw a cloth over his face and went towards her and threw his cloth over her, and the woman got up. Then he saw them both onto their camel and they rode. They travelled until they could see Madina - or they were looking down over Madina. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said, '[We are] returning, repenting,worshipping, praising our Lord.' He continued to say it until he entered Madina."

CXCIV: The prayer when one arrives from a journey

2921. It is related that Jabir ibn 'Abdullah was heard to say, "I was with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on a journey. When we approached Madina, he said to me. 'Enter the mosque and pray two rak'ats.'"

2922. It is related from Ka'b that when the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned from a journey in the forenoon, he entered the mosque and prayed tworak'ats before he sat down.

CXCV: Food on arrival

Ibn 'Umar used to not fast because of those who came to  see him.

2923. It is related from Jabir ibn 'Abdullah that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, arrived in Madina, he would slaughter a camel or a cow.

Muharib heard Jabir ibn 'Abdullah say, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, bought a camel from me for two awqiyyas and one or two dirhams. When he reached Sirar, he commanded that a cow be slaughtered and they ate from it. When he arrived in Madina, he commanded me to go to the mosque and pray two rak'ats and weighed out for me the price of the camel."

2924. It is related that Jabir said, "I arrived from a journey and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Pray two rak'ats."

Sirar is a place near Madina.